從就業指標到生命轉化：由服務使用者觀點探討職涯探索計畫對弱勢青少年長期影響

Abstract

本研究從服務使用者的觀點出發，深度探討職涯探索計畫對弱勢青少年生命歷程的長期影響，旨在呈現超越短期就業指標之外，更為深層的服務意義與個人轉化。鑑於國內相關研究多聚焦於短期效益，本研究採質性研究取向，透過深度訪談八位曾於十多年前參與計畫的服務使用者，從其回溯性觀點，深入剖析計畫介入的真實價值。 研究發現，這群青少年在參與計畫前，普遍面臨家庭功能失能、學校系統挫敗、社區支持薄弱與個人方向迷茫等多重且交織的生命困境。而職涯探索計畫的介入，在他們眼中扮演了「生命的重要轉捩點」，其貢獻遠超過提供一份工作或媒合就學。在個人成長層面，計畫不僅提升了他們的社交能力與職場人際應對技巧，更關鍵的是，透過深刻的職場體驗與特殊的團隊文化薰陶，觸發了他們價值觀的轉變，引導其從單純的生存需求，轉向對生命意義、工作理想與社會責任的思考。 在生涯發展層面，計畫提供了釐清自我、開拓視野的機會，協助他們辨識個人特質與職涯偏好，部分參與者更因此確立了長期的生涯目標，或找到了重返校園、提升學歷的內在動力。本研究亦發現，從服務使用者的敘事中，最具持續影響力的要素，在於社工所提供的長期、真誠且不帶強迫性的陪伴與支持。這份穩固的專業關係，成為他們在計畫結束後，仍能持續成長並走過人生不同階段的重要支持網絡。 結論指出，從服務使用者的生命故事中，我們看見職涯探索計畫的真正價值，在於其作為一個「中介橋樑」與「安全堡壘」，協助青少年中斷負向循環，並在其生命中啟動一個正向的、內化的、且需要時間發酵的質性轉化過程。基於此，本研究提出相關建議，倡導未來的服務設計應更強化自我探索與生命經驗重構，並拓展職涯樣貌的多元性；在執行策略上，應重視社工角色的權變運用與後續支持關係的建立；在政策層面上，則呼籲成效評估應超越量化的KPI，納入更長遠、更整全的生命歷程視角，以更真實地呈現服務的深層價值。

This study, from a service user perspective, deeply explores the long-term impact of career exploration programs on the life course of disadvantaged youth, aiming to present the deeper meaning of service and personal transformation that lies beyond short-term employment indicators. Given that domestic research has largely focused on short-term effectiveness, this study adopts a qualitative approach. Through in-depth interviews with eight service users who participated in such programs over a decade ago, it analyzes the true value of the intervention from their retrospective viewpoints.

The research finds that prior to participating in the programs, these youths generally faced multiple and intertwined difficulties, including family dysfunction, setbacks in the school system, weak community support, and personal confusion about their future. The intervention of the career exploration program, in their eyes, played the role of an "important turning point in life," with contributions far exceeding the provision of a job or school placement. On the level of personal growth, the program not only enhanced their social and workplace interpersonal skills but, more crucially, triggered a transformation in their values through profound workplace experiences and immersion in unique team cultures. This guided them from a simple focus on survival needs toward contemplation of the meaning of life, career ideals, and social responsibility.

In terms of career development, the program provided opportunities to clarify the self and broaden horizons, helping them identify personal traits and career preferences. Consequently, some participants established long-term career goals or found the internal motivation to return to school and advance their education. This study also finds, from the narratives of the service users, that the most enduringly influential element was the long-term, sincere, and non-coercive companionship and support provided by social workers. This stable professional relationship became a vital support network for them to continue growing and navigate different stages of life long after the program ended.

The conclusion indicates that, from the life stories of the service users, the true value of career exploration programs lies in their role as an "intermediary bridge" and "safe fortress." These programs help adolescents interrupt negative cycles and initiate a positive, internalized, and qualitative transformation process that requires time to mature. Based on this, the study proposes recommendations, advocating that future service designs should strengthen self-exploration and life experience reconstruction and expand the diversity of career profiles. In terms of implementation strategies, emphasis should be placed on the flexible handling of the social worker's role and the establishment of follow-up support relationships. On a policy level, it calls for performance evaluations to transcend quantitative KPIs and incorporate a more long-term, holistic life-course perspective to more authentically represent the profound value of the service.