應用3D生物列印於ANAMMOX菌固定化材料開發與效能評估之研究

Abstract

氮污染為水體環境中常見且具累積性之污染問題，傳統硝化–反硝化程序需外加碳源與高能耗，而厭氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)為一種自營型脫氮機制，具有低碳源需求與低污泥產量等優勢，逐漸受到重視。然ANAMMOX菌生長速率緩慢，對操作條件敏感，故穩定富集與固定化應用成為研究重點。本研究以建立穩定之 ANAMMOX 反應系統為目標，並探討固定化材料與保存條件對其活性與應用可行性之影響。 本研究以一垃圾掩埋場滲出水處理廠生物處理單元活性污泥與食品廠廢水處理廠之活性污泥為接種源，建立實驗室規模之ANAMMOX反應系統，並採漸升氮源濃度操作模式，最終進流總氮濃度為120 mg-N/ L。第94天起觀察到氨氮與亞硝酸氮穩定消耗，顯示系統成功富集ANAMMOX菌群，後續以此建立四組反應槽進行馴養。反應系統最終去氮效率達 60 – 90 %，菌相結果顯示菌群由有機物降解菌演替為以Candidatus Brocadia為主之ANAMMOX群落，AC3反應槽ANAMMOX豐度最高達8.2 %。 懸浮態菌群之厭氧氨氧化菌比活性(Specific ANAMMOX Activity, SAA)為1.33 mg-N/ mg-VSS-day。固定化方面，以PVA-PEGDA/ Light材料列印所得載體，在總氮濃度為200 mg-N/ L下SAA可達1.51 mg-N/ mg-VSS-day，優於懸浮態。保存測試顯示，室溫厭氧條件(S3)保存10天後SAA維持1.55 mg-N/ mg-VSS-day，無需冷藏或添加保護劑，展現固定化技術之操作便利性與應用潛力。

Nitrogen pollution is a common and cumulative issue in aquatic environments. While conventional nitrification–denitrification processes require high energy and external carbon, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) provides an autotrophic alternative with low carbon demand and sludge yield. However, its application is limited by the slow growth and operational sensitivity of ANAMMOX bacteria. This study established a lab-scale ANAMMOX system using activated sludge from a landfill leachate treatment unit and a food-processing wastewater plant. Operated under gradually increasing nitrogen concentrations up to 120 mg-N/L, the system showed stable ammonium and nitrite removal from day 94. Four reactors were subsequently cultivated, achieving nitrogen removal efficiencies of 60–90%. Microbial analysis revealed a shift from heterotrophs to ANAMMOX-dominated communities, with Candidatus Brocadia reaching 8.2% in reactor AC3. Suspended sludge showed a specific ANAMMOX activity (SAA) of 1.33 mg-N/ mg-VSS-day. Carriers printed with PVA-PEGDA/Light reached 1.51 (TN = 200 mg-N/ L), and after 10 days of anaerobic storage at room temperature, retained 1.55 without refrigeration or additives, demonstrating operational feasibility.