「⽂化戰爭」的興起： 臺灣的政治分歧與議題政黨化，2000-2024

Abstract

臺灣的政黨政治長期圍繞在兩岸議題，這一議題的重要性來自於臺灣與中國複雜的歷史淵源以及中國當今持續的地緣政治壓力。然而，近年來，文化與道德議題逐漸成為新的政治競爭軸線。透過分析2000年至2024年間臺灣公共意見、公民組織與政黨之間的互動，本研究檢視這些議題如何在政治上變得具有重要性。 本研究結合橫跨二十年之臺灣社會變遷調查數據，並參考學術歷史作品、媒體報導與立法紀錄等資料，進行混合方法的分析。量化分析顯示，2010年至2015年間，圍繞公民權利與家庭價值的新政治分歧逐漸浮現，並持續延續至2020年，但並未取代兩岸關係作為政黨認同的主要軸線。歷史分析進一步指出，尤其在同婚運動（2013–2019年）與太陽花運動（2014年）期間，公民團體與政黨行動者如何透過動員、議題框架建構與制度性參與，共同形塑了道德議題的政治重要性。 臺灣的經驗為政治分歧理論（cleavage theory）提供了一個寶貴的案例，有助於理解在受地緣政治壓力影響的民主社會中，國內的文化議題對立如何形成。透過追蹤議題政黨化（issue partisanship）與文化分歧在非西方、後威權背景下的建構條件，本研究對「文化戰爭」的全球辯論做出貢獻。

Taiwan’s partisan politics have long revolved around cross-strait relations, shaped by complex historical bonds and ongoing geopolitical tension with China. Yet in recent years, cultural and moral issues have emerged as new axes of political contestation. This study investigates how these issues have become politically salient by analyzing the interaction between public opinion, civic organizations, and political parties in Taiwan from 2000 to 2024. Drawing on twenty years of Taiwan Social Change Survey data and historical sources including media discourse, legislative records, and civil society documents, this paper adopts a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative analysis shows a new cleavage emerging around civil rights and family values between 2010 and 2015, which persists through 2020 without displacing cross-Strait relations as the dominant axis of partisan alignment. Historical analysis highlights how civic groups and party actors, especially during the same-sex marriage campaign (2013–2019) and the Sunflower Movement (2014), jointly constructed the political relevance of moral debates through mobilization, framing, and institutional engagement. Taiwan’s experience offers a valuable case for theorizing the conditions under which cultural polarization can develop within a geopolitically constrained democracy. By tracing the co-construction of issue partisanship and cultural cleavages in a non-Western, post-authoritarian context, this study contributes to broader debates on the global dynamics of the “culture war.”