葛浩文英譯本《殺夫》及《孽子》文化翻譯視角研究

Abstract

《殺夫》及《孽子》皆於1983年出版，大膽前衛的題材在當時的時空背景造成轟動。兩部作品的作者分別為李昂及白先勇。前者為臺灣著名的女性文學作家，善於利用作品來探討社會負面現象，而《殺夫》這部中篇小說即是對父權社會的批判，文風大膽，內容充滿性別歧視用語及罵語；後者同為臺灣著名小說家及劇作家，《孽子》為其第一部長篇小說，講述男同志在保守父權社會下的內心掙扎與無奈及玻璃圈次文化，作品中亦不乏性別歧視語言及罵語。再者，兩部經典的臺灣小說英譯本譯者皆為美國翻譯家葛浩文，分別於1986及1990年出版。本研究之目的在於研究譯者葛浩文在面對兩部臺灣小說時，如何處理文化詞翻譯、處理性別歧視用語及罵語、誤會原文而導致譯文與原文迥異之情形，最後討論可能的原因為何。本研究分析《殺夫》及《孽子》英譯本與原文之間的差異，細述文化翻譯現象及策略。研究結果顯示，葛浩文選擇字詞上未必與臺灣文化意涵相符，如有增減略譯情況，會出現與原文不符之情形，顯示其對臺灣文化並未全面了解。除常見文化詞外，本研究進一步分析性別歧視用語及罵語的翻譯，目前針對罵語翻譯的相關研究不多，預期補足此主題翻譯研究之缺口，發掘新的翻譯議題，為罵語翻譯研究提供參考素材。

Shafu and Niehtzu were both published in 1983. The thematically audacious content of the two Taiwanese novels caused a sensation across the country upon their release. The author of Shafu is Li Ang, who is a distinguished Taiwanese writer known for her feminist insights into her works and her undaunted debates over negative social phenomena. Shafu aims to criticize a male-dominated society in which women are subjected to objectification, victimized by public morals, and confined to men's manipulation. As for Pai Hsien-yung's Niehtzu, it clearly depicts the mental struggle and the glass community of homosexual youths living under inviolable patriarchy. The two classic Taiwanese novels were translated into The Butcher's Wife and Crystal Boys in 1986 and 1990 respectively by American translator Howard Goldblatt. The purpose of the research is to delve into how Howard Goldblatt dealt with CSIs, sexist words, and swearwords in the two works while translating due to cultural differences and to pinpoint and analyze mistranslated texts. It is expected that possible reasons why Goldblatt made translation mistakes can be discovered. From the perspective of cultural translation, Goldblatt's translation strategies and problems will be confirmed, categorized, and commented. Research results suggest that Goldblatt's selections of words do not necessarily dovetail with the cultural context of Taiwan. Moreover, if he employed the amplification or omission strategy while translating, he would likely misunderstand the cultural connotations of the source text, which signifies his inability to have a comprehensive understanding of Taiwanese culture. In addition to common CSI categories, sexism and swearwords in translation are explored in the research. Currently, research on swearword translation remains thin, so it is anticipated that the research gap will be shortened, and that new discoveries of translation issues will be made in the research, providing relevant reference material for translation studies in the future.