臺灣華語「有字句」所允可的動詞組刪略現象

Abstract

本文基於生成語法的論點，以臺灣華語「有字句」所允可的動詞組刪略現象（you-support）作為研究主題。臺灣華語「有字句」是指以「有＋VP／AP」作為主要謂語的句子，當中的「有」為情態動詞，因而具備擔任允可刪略功能中心語的能力。 本研究發現，「有」類刪略必須滿足「刪略給予條件（e-GIVENness）」。「有」的本義為存在，能與輕動詞事件結構「EXIST」的涵義相合。當其欲執行刪略時，先行句必須蘊涵輕動詞「EXIST」之事件結構，在兩相蘊涵的條件滿足下，刪略方得以成立。因此，「有」類刪略並不要求前行句出現顯性的先行詞。也因滿足刪略的關鍵在於輕動詞中心語「EXIST」，所以「有」類刪略的成立與否也不涉及動作和事件發生的時間點。建立「刪略給予條件（e-GIVENness）」之後，本研究透過不同的句式，並呈現句法樹形結構，觀察「有」類刪略執行的句法機制，以此完備對於「有」類刪略的討論。文章最後，檢視了現有教材中對於「有」的教學，並對「有字句」提出教學看法和建議，以供華語教學參考。

This thesis is based on the framework of Generative Grammar and investigates VP ellipsis in you-support constructions. In Taiwan Mandarin, you-sentences are those in which “you+VP/AP” functions as the main predicate. In such constructions, you serves as a modal verb and can function as the licensing functional head for VP ellipsis. The study finds that you-support must satisfy the condition of e-GIVENness. The core meaning of you is existence, which corresponds to the semantics of the light verb EXIST. To license VP ellipsis, the antecedent clause must entail an event structure headed by EXIST. When both entailments are satisfied, VP ellipsis is licensed. Therefore, you-support does not require an explicit antecedent, since the key licensing condition lies in the presence of the light verb EXIST, rather than in the surface realization of an antecedent. Moreover, the availability of you-support is not constrained by the temporal properties of the event. After establishing the condition of e-GIVENness, this study presents a range of sentence types and subsequently provides syntactic tree structures to illustrate the syntactic mechanism of you-support. Finally, the study reviews how you is taught in current Mandarin teaching materials and proposes pedagogical suggestions for teaching you-sentences in Mandarin Chinese.