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http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/9696
標題: | 生物科技研究工具之專利法及競爭法交錯 A Study on Biotechnological Research Tools from the Viewpoint of Patent Law and Competition Law |
作者: | Shih-min Chung 鍾詩敏 |
指導教授: | 黃銘傑 |
關鍵字: | 研究工具,關鍵設施,試驗免責,強制授權,集體權利管理,介入權, research tools,essential facilities,march-in right,compulsory licensing,experimental use exceptions, |
出版年 : | 2008 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 近年來生物科技產業研究之興起,應與基因重組等各種研究工具技術之開發有關。是以研究工具技術基於其可促進後續科技創新之特色,對於生技產業之進展極為重要。由於研究工具對於生物科技產業發展之重要性,當研究工具欲藉由專利化以便於回收該技術之經濟收益時,基於專利權之排他效力,即可能產生競爭秩序及研發自由受損之不利影響。換言之,為加強生技產業之研發誘因,賦予研究工具專利權保護,以利於權利人回收投資;然另一方面,毫無限制之過度保護可能使得研究工具權利人不當拒絕授權他人利用,將嚴重阻礙下游研發之推進。如何兼顧專利保護與競爭秩序之平衡,確保整體社會福利之最大化,便屬重要,我國之生物科技產業亦屬目前之重點發展產業,因此如何有效促進研究工具技術之流通,便利後續研發之創造,即為本文欲討論之核心所在。
本文首先於第一章提出本文之研究動機與目的,並就研究方法及結構加以說明。第二章定義生物科技研究工具之意涵,並就其可專利性進行比較法之介紹;再說明研究工具基於其性質特色,於專利化後對於產業研發自由可能發生之影響;其後立於競爭法之比較法角度,討論研究工具專利化後是否可能破壞競爭秩序,應如何處理以降低不良影響。第三章提出研究試驗免責規範、專利法之強制授權規範,以及自由釋出模式與集合權利模式等產業自發授權模式,探討各制度規範是否有助於研究工具技術之流通普及;又基於生物科技領域中許多發明係經由政府資金補助而來,基於其經費來源之特殊性,本章於最後討論當研究工具技術是利用政府經費產出時,政府如何協助促進技術之流通散布。第四章參照前述比較法之觀點,檢視我國法下可能透過何途徑減緩研究工具專利之獨占排他影響,並說明我國政府資助所生發明之相關規範,審視其是否能產出技術獲得充分運用。第五章總結本文透過比較法分析所得之觀察,說明可如何處理我國問題。 Biotechnology industry has boomed over the past few decades. This might be due to the development of biotechnological research tools such as recombinant DNA techniques and other inventions allowing scientists for studying genome projects. Research tools can accomplish not only a task but also further scientific discovery effectively, whereby they are viewed as significant roles in the biotechnology field. Because of their significance and high value, when research tools are patented, numerous problems stemming from competing interests and restrained research freedom arise. However, patent protection is critical to commercializing research tools, and without patent protection, firms can suffer such a risk being unable to obtain revenue that impedes their incentives to develop and disclose their inventions. Therefore, this thesis addresses the issue of how to balance the protection of patents and the dissemination of research tools. This thesis divides into five chapters. Chapter 2 defines the biotechnological research tools and discusses the patentability of biotechnological research tools. In addition, Chapter 2 also addresses the problems that would arise after research tools are patented and how to deal with them from the viewpoint of competition law. Chapter 3 adopts comparative study methods to analyze recent developments of experimental use exceptions and compulsory licensing regimes in U.S., EU and Japan. Finally this chapter summarizes the interpretation of recent related cases and their applications on research tool patents. Chapter 4 analyzes our present legislation and tries to find out an effective way to facilitate dissemination of research tools. The conclusion of this thesis summarizes the ways to facilitate the access and flow of patented research tools in scientific research and commercial development. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/9696 |
全文授權: | 同意授權(全球公開) |
顯示於系所單位: | 法律學系 |
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