臺灣標準地名推動研究─以嘉義縣為例

Abstract

在各種地名類別中，聚落地名最為複雜，也是最貼近民眾日常生活；聯合國成立後，國際上陸續有地名標準化之呼籲，並於1967年召開第一屆聯合國地名標準化會議，1972年成立聯合國地名專家組，簡稱UNGEGN。 中華民國在退出聯合國前，曾參與過地名標準化會議，並在1972年完成了74,695筆的標準地名成果，匯集成標準地名總簿共15冊，後因退出聯合國而未繼續推動；本研究取得當時完成之臺灣地區標準地名總簿一冊，並針對其中收錄的6,997筆聚落進行數化。近年隨著國土測繪法的公告施行，標準地名重新成為施政目標，然而推行十數年卻沒有太大進展，僅有數個縣市公告，本研究以此為切入點，探究臺灣標準地名的制定情形。 為了解臺灣標準地名推動之情形，本研究以聚落地名為核心，探討聚落標準地名之制定策略，分析聚落地名在不同年代的變遷情形；本研究的提問包括：如何界定聚落標準地名？如何篩選聚落地名清單？聚落地名在標準化歷程中經歷哪些轉變？本研究以嘉義縣為研究區域，透過整合不同年代的圖資來彙整地名資料，以建立聚落標準地名的清單。 本研究整合的地圖資料與地名資訊，包括1904年出版之臺灣堡圖、1920年代之大字名、1972年之標準地名總簿、2009年出版之嘉義縣志、最新之五萬分之一經建版地形圖（2021-2023）與嘉義縣各鄉鎮市之行政區域圖。透過比對這些圖資中的聚落名稱，本研究提出一套聚落標準地名的篩選標準，並從中產生一份嘉義縣的聚落標準地名清單，同時藉由分析聚落地名的變遷，提出三階段的臺灣聚落地名變遷歷程，並統整出地名標準化的意義與重要性之處，除了簡化地名與便於傳播外，也保存了地方的歷史與文化。

Among the various types of geographical names, settlement names are most complicated and closely tied to people’s daily life. Following the establishment of the United Nations, there were successive international calls for the standardization of geographical names, culminating in the first United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names in 1967. In 1972, the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN) was established. Before its withdrawal from the United Nations, the Republic of China (Taiwan) participated in geographical name standardization meetings and completed a list of 74,695 standardized geographical names in 1972, compiled into 15 volumes. This effort was terminated after Taiwan's withdrawal from the United Nations. This study obtained one volumes of Taiwan's Standard Geographical Names from that period and digitized 6,997 settlement names. In recent years, with the announcement of the Land Surveying and Mapping Law, standard geographical names have once again become a policy goal. However, after more than a decade of implementation, progress has been limited. In view of such situation, this study aims to explore the formulation of standardized geographical names in Taiwan. To investigate the promotion of standardized geographical names in Taiwan, this study specifically focuses on settlement names to investigate the strategies for standardizing these names and the changes they have undergone over time. The key questions of this study are: how should standardized settlement names be defined? How can settlement names be selected for inclusion in the standardization process? And what changes have these settlement names undergone in the process of standardization? Chiayi County was selected as the research area, and geographical name data was compiled by integrating map data from different periods to establish a list of standardized settlement names. The map data and place name information used in this study include the 1904 Taiwan Historical Topographic Maps, the Oaza names from the 1920s, the 1972 standardized geographical names, the 2009 Chiayi County Chronicle, and the latest 1:50,000 National Topographic Maps（2021-2023）, as well as administrative maps for each township and city in Chiayi County. By comparing and integrating settlement names from these various sources, this study developed a set of screening criteria for standardized settlement names and generated a list of standardized settlement names for Chiayi County. Additionally, by analyzing changes in settlement names, the study proposes a three-stage process of name changes in Taiwan and summarizes the significance and importance of geographical name standardization. Beyond simplifying geographical names and facilitating communication, standardization helps preserve local history and culture.