日本紅学研究における脂硯斎批語の誤読問題 ―諸家の説の検討を中心に―

Abstract

《紅樓夢》是中國古典文學的瑰寶之一，歷來在中國與日本的文學研究中都佔有舉足輕重的地位。特別是脂硯齋的批語，作為對《紅樓夢》文本的重要補充與詮釋，對於理解作品的深層含義和曹雪芹的創作意圖至關重要。然而，在日本紅學研究中，脂硯齋的批語卻經常被誤解甚至忽視，這導致對文本核心意義的錯誤解釋與偏頗理解。本論文深入探討了日本紅學研究中對脂硯齋批語的誤讀問題，並對相關學者的主要觀點進行評析與批判，重點分析了脂硯齋批語在《紅樓夢》文本解釋中發揮的獨特作用及其在日本紅學界所遭遇的誤讀現象。

本論文首先概述了《紅樓夢》研究在中國和日本的歷史，闡述脂硯齋批語在中國紅學研究中的重要地位，及其在版本學和文本解釋中提供的貢獻。隨後，本文具體提出日本紅學研究者的誤讀內容與文本的出入，分析了日本紅學界忽視了脂硯齋批語價值的現象。具體而言，部分日本學者的解釋將脂硯齋批語視為外部附加或次要內容，未能認識到這些批語在揭示《紅樓夢》人物內心、情節安排及作者意圖方面的重要性。

本論文還系統性地檢視了主要日本紅學研究者的觀點，對於脂硯齋批語的不同理解模式進行比較分析。例如，有些學者偏重於《紅樓夢》的文學價值，卻忽視了評語所帶來的脂硯齋和曹雪芹共同創作的脈絡。這種傾向導致了對《紅樓夢》的部分章節和人物行為的誤解，例如秦可卿之死和賈寶玉的性格描寫。筆者指出，這樣的誤解源於對脂硯齋批語的選擇性閱讀。

最後，筆者提出了重新評價脂硯齋批語在《紅樓夢》研究中應有地位的必要性，並建議日後的紅學研究應更注重對脂硯齋批語的全面分析，以促進中日學界對《紅樓夢》更深入且準確的理解。

Dream of the Red Chamber, one of the Four Classic Chinese Novels, holds significance in Chinese and Japanese literary studies. Zhiyanzhai's annotations are central to understanding this monumental work, providing critical insights into the narrative and authorial intents of the novel. However, in Japanese Redology, Zhiyanzhai’s annotations have frequently been misunderstood or overlooked, resulting in misinterpretations of the novel’s core values and themes. This thesis explores the issue of misunderstanding Zhiyanzhai’s annotations in Japanese Redology, providing an analytical critique of the main theories proposed by various Redologists. This thesis also delves into the significance of Zhiyanzhai’s annotations as essential elements for textual interpretation and the phenomenon of neglect and misinterpretation in Japanese academic circles.

The thesis begins by tracing the history of Dream of the Red Chamber’s reception in China and Japan, underlining the prominent role of Zhiyanzhai’s annotations in the evolution of Chinese Redology, especially in editionology and interpretative studies. The thesis then investigates the marginalization of these annotations in Japan. Notably, certain Japanese Redologists have treated Zhiyanzhai’s annotations as peripheral addenda, failing to acknowledge their integral role in revealing character motivations, plot structures, and authorial intents.

The study systematically reviews the perspectives of leading Japanese Redologists and analyzes the divergent approaches to interpreting Zhiyanzhai’s annotations. For example, some Redologists emphasize the literary value of Dream of the Red Chamber but neglect the context of co-authoring between Zhiyanzhai and Cao Xueqin indicated by the annotations. This oversight has led to significant misinterpretations of crucial plots, such as the death of Qin Keqing and the characterization of Jia Baoyu. The thesis argues that these misinterpretations stem from selective reading of the annotations.

Finally, the thesis advocates reassessing the significance of Zhiyanzhai’s annotations in Redology, urging future research to incorporate a more comprehensive analysis of these annotations to foster a more accurate and profound understanding of the novel.