應用量化指標評估礦區生態復育成果—以台灣水泥和平礦區為例

Abstract

本研究旨在運用量化指標評估台灣水泥和平礦區的生態復育成果，研究內容分為三大部分：土地利用變遷分析、樣區調查及生態復育評級。第一部分以地理資訊系統技術和InVEST模型分析歷年土地利用變遷及植被恢復情況；其次，以現地調查天然林和復育樣區的組成及植被狀況；第三部分則根據調查結果對應所訂定之生態恢復指標，評估不同階段復育之成效，並提出復育更新之建議。研究結果顯示，礦區土地利用變遷主要以森林面積變化為主，2002年至2024年間，高密度森林則從11.6%增加到88.4%，復育區的土地利用比例從1.0%增加到53.4%，並輔以NDVI判釋之結果顯示，復育之植被之覆蓋面積增加，恢復成效初現。而經過現地調查及生態評級後之結果，與天然林樣區有一定差距，復育區在原生種比例、覆蓋度隨著復育年份增加，結果有顯著增加之趨勢，更新種類、非先驅樹種比例也有隨之增加，然在林木密度、物種多樣性、植相組成階段等方面仍需加強，可以人為介入之方式協助其更新。本研究提出的量化指標和方法可為礦區未來生態復育提供參考，促進其朝向自然正向發展。

This study aims to evaluate the ecological restoration results of the Taiwan Cement Hoping Mining Area by using quantitative indicators. The research is divided into three main parts: land use change analysis, sample plot surveys, and ecological restoration assessment. The first part uses GIS technology and the InVEST model to analyze historical land use changes and vegetation recovery. The second part involves on-site surveys of the composition and vegetation conditions of natural forests and restored plots. The third part evaluates the effectiveness of different stages of restoration based on the established ecological restoration indicators and provides suggestions for restoration updates. The results show that the main land use change in the mining area is the change in forest area. From 2002 to 2024, high-density forest increased from 11.6% to 88.4%, and the land use proportion of the restoration area increased from 1.0% to 53.4%. Supplemented by NDVI interpretation results, the vegetation cover area of the restored vegetation has increased, showing initial success in recovery. However, the results of on-site surveys and ecological assessments indicate a significant gap compared to natural forest plots. The proportion of native species and coverage in the restoration area has shown a significant increasing trend with the increase in restoration years, with an increase in the variety of species and the proportion of non-pioneer tree species. Nevertheless, tree density, species diversity, and floristic composition stages still need improvement, and human intervention can be employed to assist in the renewal. The quantitative indicators and methods proposed in this study can serve as references for future ecological restoration in mining areas, promoting their development towards a nature-positive direction.