熱回收與變頻技術在真空冷凍乾燥中的節能性能分析

Abstract

面對冷凍乾燥加工製品普遍存在能耗過高的局面，研究高效、節能、提高品質的技術與裝置，具有重大現實意義。本研究就是將變頻技術及熱回收技術運用於真空冷凍乾燥系統的一種研究。傳統的真空冷凍乾燥技術在加工過程中往往能耗高，效率低下，且對產品品質的控制不夠精準。采用變頻技術可以根據實際生產需求，動態調節設備運行參數，提高能源利用效率，降低生產成本，同時保證產品的品質和穩定性。 冷凍乾燥技術的核心是利用低溫將物品中的水分凍結成固態，然後將凍結的水分通過昇華原理轉變為氣態，從而實現產品的乾燥。真空冷凍乾燥系統中傳統的加熱方式在冷凍系統中通常會產生大量的熱量排放，造成能源的浪費。本研究旨在分析冷凍系統中需要排除的熱量，探討利用這些熱量來加熱物料的可行性。通過合理利用熱能，可以降低能源消耗，提高系統的能源效益和經濟性。 並且在利用冷凍系統中須排出的熱量進行產品的加熱產生的負載變化，將變頻技術應用於冷凍系統中，不僅可以提高系統的能源利用效率，還可以提高產品的品質和生產效率。這對於促進冷凍乾燥技術的發展，推動生物科技、醫療工程、材料工程和食品製程等領域的應用具有重要意義。本研究對於真空冷凍乾燥加工製品的能耗問題提出了解決方案，具有重要的理論和實踐價值。 在本研究中，更換了壓縮機形式、使用變頻控制技術和廢熱回收技術的系統相比於傳統控制方式，整體能耗降低了27.97%。此結果強調了壓縮機形式、變頻控制技術及廢熱回收裝置在節能方面的巨大潛力，表明它們不僅能提升真空冷凍乾燥系統的性能，還能顯著降低運行成本，具有重要的實際應用價值。

Facing the prevalent issue of high energy consumption in the processing of frozen and dried products, researching efficient, energy-saving, and quality-improving technologies and devices holds significant practical importance. This study applies variable frequency and heat recovery technologies to vacuum freezing and drying systems. Traditional vacuum freezing and drying techniques often result in high energy consumption, low efficiency, and insufficient control over product quality. By utilizing variable frequency technology, equipment parameters can be dynamically adjusted according to actual production needs, thereby enhancing energy utilization efficiency, reducing production costs, and ensuring product quality and stability. The core of freeze-drying technology lies in freezing the moisture in products into a solid state at low temperatures, followed by transforming the frozen moisture into gas through the principle of sublimation, thus achieving product drying. In conventional vacuum freezing and drying systems, the traditional heating method typically generates significant heat emission, leading to energy waste. This study aims to analyze the heat that needs to be removed from the freezing system and explore the feasibility of using this heat to heat materials. Rational utilization of heat energy can reduce energy consumption, enhance the system's energy efficiency, and improve its economic viability. Furthermore, by incorporating the heat expelled from the freezing system into product heating and applying variable frequency technology, the study not only increases the energy utilization efficiency of the system but also enhances product quality and production efficiency. This has significant implications for advancing freeze-drying technology and promoting its applications in various fields such as biotechnology, medical engineering, materials engineering, and food processing. The study proposes solutions to the energy consumption issues in the processing of vacuum freeze-dried products, possessing both theoretical and practical value. In this study, the overall energy consumption of the system, which incorporated a change in compressor type, the use of variable frequency control technology, and waste heat recovery technology, was reduced by 27.97% compared to traditional control methods. This result emphasizes the significant potential of compressor type, variable frequency control technology, and waste heat recovery devices in energy saving. It indicates that these technologies can not only enhance the performance of vacuum freeze-drying systems but also significantly reduce operating costs, demonstrating their important practical application value.