社會住宅的社區共融實踐與挑戰： 以台中市豐原安康社會住宅為例

Abstract

近年為回應廣大居住需求與住宅運動訴求，政府如火如荼規劃興建社宅。此時，除量能提升，社宅作為公共建設與社會福利重點項目，協助多元脆弱群體得以在社宅安穩生活、增進住在社宅的多元群體的彼此理解、創造社宅的社區共融，亦是政府部門的治理重點。本研究欲從社宅居民生活經驗及駐點工作者之觀察出發，探討何謂社宅社區共融？並且想了解社宅的社區共融如何發生、被誰實踐？現況又有遭遇哪些挑戰？

本研究以台中市豐原安康社會住宅為研究場域，採質性研究取向，以深度訪談法及參與式觀察，訪談不同屬性類別之社宅住戶、社宅進駐社福醫療單位以及物業管理人員，理解其在社區生活或工作經驗，及其對於社區共融的主觀看法，並通過觀察社宅之社區活動，以及居民與工作者之互動，了解社宅社區共融是否發生，以及如何發生？住戶以及相關工作者在社區共融上又扮演哪些角色？

研究發現，對於社宅居民及工作者來說，社宅的社區共融，來自於「好生活」的確立與「好關係」的形成。社宅的硬體設備、公共空間、物業管理與服務、生活公約、活動與服務單位有助於社宅居住品質的提升，滿足居民對於好生活的期待；而參與活動的互動及日常的問候、友善的物業管理人員與社服站工作者，是促進社宅良好互動關係的關鍵。其中，居民的參與、駐點單位的串連與活動設計，在促進社宅共融扮演重要角色，而居住年限、工作者更迭也讓共融的關係延續面臨挑戰。最後，研究者也根據研究發現，對當前的社宅政策規劃與發展提出建議。

In recent years, to address the increasingly demand for affordable housing and the advocacy for housing rights, the government has been actively planning and constructing social housing. Beyond simply increasing housing supply, social housing has emerged as a crucial element of public infrastructure and social welfare, aimed at providing stable living conditions for various vulnerable populations, fostering mutual understanding among diverse residents, and promoting community inclusiveness in social housing. This study explores the concept of community inclusiveness in social housing through the lived experiences of residents and the observations of on-site workers. It also seeks to understand how community inclusiveness develops, who facilitates and participates in it, and the challenges encountered in the current context. This qualitative study focuses on the Fengyuan Ankang Social Housing in Taichung City, employing in-depth interviews and participatory observation. Interviews were conducted with residents from different demographic backgrounds, as well as social welfare and medical units stationed within the housing, and property management personnel. These interviews aimed to gather insights into their experiences of community life, and their subjective perspectives on community inclusiveness. Additionally, observations of community activities and interactions between residents and workers were conducted to assess whether and how community inclusiveness occurs and to identify the roles that residents and related workers play in fostering this process. The findings reveal that, for residents and workers, community inclusiveness in social housing is rooted in the establishment of a "good life" and the formation of "good relationships." The physical facilities, public spaces, property management services, community guidelines, and activities and services provided by the agencies, all contribute to enhancing the quality of life in social housing, and meeting residents’ expectations for a good life. Interaction during activities, daily greetings, and the presence of friendly property managers and social services station workers are key factors in promoting positive relationships within the community. Specifically, resident participation, the coordination of on-site units, and the design of activities play vital roles in fostering community inclusiveness in the social housing. However, challenges such as the duration of residency and the turnover of workers present obstacles to sustaining these inclusive relationships. Finally, based on the research findings, the researcher offers recommendations for the ongoing development and planning of social housing policy.