議事直播對於不同黨派議員質詢行為的影響──以第十八屆與第十九屆苗栗縣議會為例

Abstract

在2018年，內政部規定地方議會應透過網路或電視全程直播，本文以苗栗縣議會議員口頭質詢為案例，檢視實施議事直播前後屆期的第18屆（2014-2018年）、第19屆（2018-2022年），全體議員以及兩屆皆有當選的連任議員在口頭質詢問題數量，是否因實施事直播而有所差異？並依Maricut-Akbik（2021）之分類標準，對議員質詢的強度進行分類，由低到高分別為：要求提供資訊 （request information）、要求提供決策的說明或解釋（request justification）、要求政策改變或行動（request a change）及譴責威脅制裁（request the application of sanctions），以了解議員的黨籍、派系等因素，對於上述四類問題數量的影響。 研究發現，實施議事直播之後，全體議員在新一屆的總質詢問題數略有下降；在四分類問題方面，前二多的問題類型，由要求說明、要求資訊，轉為要求改變與要求說明。將議員依據其黨籍與所屬派系分為三類，即執政派、反對派與反對黨議員，這三類議員在要求改變的問題數，皆有明顯的增幅；而在兩屆皆當選的連任議員方面，僅有執政派議員在要求資訊、要求說明的平均問題數有所下降，執政派、反對派議員的要求改變、譴責威脅平均問題數有所上升，而反對黨議員的譴責威脅平均問題數，則略有下降的趨勢。

In 2018, the Ministry of the Interior mandated that local councils broadcast their sessions live via the internet or television. This study uses oral questions asked by Miaoli County councilors as a case study to examine whether there were differences in the number of oral questions posed by all councilors and re-elected councilors during the 18th term (2014-2018) and the 19th term (2018-2022), before and after the implementation of live broadcasting. According to Maricut-Akbik's (2021) classification standards, the intensity of questions is categorized from low to high as follows: request information, request justification, request a change, and request the application of sanctions. This study also investigates the impact of parties and local factions on the number of these four types of questions. The results show that after the implementation of live broadcasting, the total number of questions asked by all councilors slightly decreased in the new term. In terms of the four categories of questions, the top two question types shifted from requesting justification and information to requesting changes and justifications. When categorizing councilors into three groups based on their party and faction, namely the ruling faction, opposition faction, and opposition party councilors, all three groups show a significant increase in the number of questions requesting changes. Among re-elected councilors, only the ruling faction members show a decrease in the average number of questions requesting information and justifications. Both ruling and opposition faction members show an increase in the average number of questions requesting changes and sanctions, while opposition party members show a slight decrease in the average number of sanction questions.