社會組織與文化權 ──以原住民族部落之概念為中心

Abstract

2009 年莫拉克颱⾵造成臺灣南部⼭區嚴重災情，政府旋即於災後頒布重建相關政策，包含劃定特定區域進⾏遷居及遷移，許多原住民族部落因⽽遷村。在原住民族⽣活⽅式與⼟地具有連結之情形下，遷村政策受到侵害原住民族⽂化權之批評。 我國《憲法增修條⽂》第10 條第11 項、第12 項雖然訂有原住民族條款，然⽽，我國整體原住民族⽂化權架構尚不明確，何以個⼈或是集體之遷村將影響原住民族⽂化權，有探討必要。 本⽂認為遷村涉及⽂化權之侵害之癥結在於，原住民族部落於我國法制上具有別於其餘團體之特殊性。是以，本⽂將⾸先討論部落概念於我國法制上之定性及運⽤；進⽽討論針對部落所擁有之特性，得否及如何從憲法上予以保障，以回應在當代部落存續的必要性；最後，並對莫拉克⾵災遷村政策進⾏違憲審查分析。

In 2009, Typhoon Morakot caused severe disasters in the mountainous areas of southern Taiwan. The government promulgated reconstruction-related policies after the disaster immediately, including delineating specific areas and resettlement. As a result, many indigenous tribes were relocated. When the lifestyle of indigenous peoples were closely connected to their land, the relocation policy has been criticized for infringing on the cultural rights of indigenous peoples. Although provision of aboriginals stipulated by Sections 11 and 12 of Article 10 of the R.O.C. Constitutional Amendment, the overall cultural rights structure of indigenous peoples in R.O.C. is still unclear. How the resettlement affected the indigenous peoples? It should be necessary for discussion. This article believes that the crux of the infringement of cultural rights involved in relocation is that indigenous tribes have special characteristics which are different from other groups in legal system. Therefore, this article will discuss the characterization and application of the concept of tribes in national laws at first. Then discuss whether and how the characteristics of tribes can be protected constitutionally in order to respond to the necessity of tribal survival in contemporary times. Finally, conducting a constitutional review analysis on the policy of relocating of Typhoon Morakot. Keywords: Typhoon Morakot, Relocation, Permanent housing, Tribes, Indigenous peoples, Cultural rights, J.Y. Interpretation No. 803