請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件:
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/9415
完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 金傳春 | |
dc.contributor.author | Yun-Chin Chu | en |
dc.contributor.author | 朱韻瑾 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-05-20T20:21:32Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2012-02-19 | |
dc.date.available | 2021-05-20T20:21:32Z | - |
dc.date.copyright | 2009-02-19 | |
dc.date.issued | 2009 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2009-02-03 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Ambrose CS, et al. Live attenuated influenza vaccine in children. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis 2006;17:206-212 Ashkenazi S, et al. Superior relative efficacy of live attenuated influenza vaccine compared with inactivated influenza vaccine in young children with recurrent respiratory tract infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006;25(10):870-879
Asia Media, http:// www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=79206/, Taipei Times, reported on October 4, 2007; obtained on Feb 1, 2009 Belshe RB, el al. Prevention of otitis media in children with live attenuated influenza vaccine given intranasally. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000;19:S66-S71 Cauchemez S, et al. Estimating the impact of school closure on influenza transmission from sentinel data. Nature 2008;452(7188):750-754 Chang CW, Wu KB, et al. Influenza Activity in Taiwan: 2005/2006 Season. Taiwan Epidemiology Bulletin 2007;23(9):489-504 (Chinese version) Chen RT, et al. Epidemiologic methods in immunization programs. Epidemiol Rev 1996;18(2): 99-117 Clover RD, et al. Comparison of heterotypic protection against influenza A/Taiwan/86 58 (H1N1) by attenuated and inactivated vaccines to A/Chile/83-like viruses. J Infect Dis 1991;163(2):300-304 Colombo C, et al. Influenza vaccine in healthy preschool children. Rev EpidemiolSante Publique 2001;49(2):157-162 Cox NJ, et al. Influenza: global surveillance for epidemic and pandemic variant. Eur J Epidemiol 1994;10:467-470 Ellis E, et al. Influenza vaccine match with circulating strains and indicators of influenza strains impact- Canada 1980 to 1992. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 1998;9:143-8. Fleming D, et al. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of live-attenuated cold-adapted influenza vaccine, trivalent with trivalent inactivated influenza virus vaccine in children and adolescents with asthma. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006;25(10):860-869 Frank AL, et al. Comparison of infection rates and severity of illness for influenza A subtypes H1N1 and H3N2. J Infect Dis 1985;151:73-80 Gruber WC, et al. Live attenuated and inactivated influenza vaccine in school-age children. Am J Dis Child 1990;144(5):595-600 Hurwitz ES, et al. Studies of the 1996-1997 inactivated influenza vaccine among children attending day care: immunologic response, protection against infection, 59 and clinical effectiveness. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2000; 182: 1218-1221 Hurwitz ES, et al. Effectiveness of influenza vaccination of day care children in reducing influenza-related morbidity among household contacts. JAMA 2000; 284 (13): 1677-1682 Lee MS, et al. Characterization of an H5N1 avian influenza virus from Taiwan. Vet Microbiol 2007;124 (3-4):193-201 Lina B, et al. A TritonX-100-split virion influenza vaccine is safe and fulfills the committee for proprietary medicinal products (CPMP) recommendations for the European Community for Immunogenicity, in Children, Adults and the Elderly. Biologicals 2000; 28(2):95-103 Lin CY. Serological surveillance of human influenza viruses among elementary schoolchildren in Taiwan during the 2005-2006 influenza season. Graduate Thesis, 2007 Macroepidemiology of Influenza Vaccination (MIV) Study Group. The macroepidemiology of influenza vaccination in 56 countries, 1997–2003. Vaccine. 2005;23:5133-5143 Mikolajczyk RT, et al. Social contacts of school children and the transmission of respiratory-spread pathogens. Epidemiol Infect 2008;136:813-822 60 Mitchell DK, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of inactivated influenza virus vaccine in young children in 2003-2004. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2005;24:925-927 Monto AS, et al. Modification of an outbreak of influenza in Tecumseh, Michigan by vaccination of schoolchildren. The journal of Infectious Diseases 1970;122:16-25 Monto AS, et al. Acute respiratory illness in the community: frequency of illness and the agents involved. Epidemiol Infect 1993;110:145-160 Neuzil KM, et al. Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of 1 versus 2 doses of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in vaccine-naïve 5-8-year-old children. JID 2006;194:1032-1039 Neuzil KM, et al. Efficacy of inactivated and cold-adapted vaccines against influenza A infection, 1985 to 1990: the pediatric experience. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2001;20:733-740 Nicholson KG. Human influenza. In: Nicholson KG, Webster RG, Hay AJ, editors. Textbook of influenza. Oxford: Blackwell Science; 1998 Piedra PA, et al. Influenza in children: epidemiology, immunity, and vaccines. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis 1991;2:140-146 Reichert TA, et al. The Japanese experience with vaccinating schoolchildren against 61 influenza. NEJM 2001;344(12):889-896 Sasaki S, et al. Influence of prior influenza vaccination on antibody and B-cell responses. PLoS ONE 2008;3(8):e2975 Schmidt-Ott R, et al. Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a trivalent influenza split vaccine in preciously unvaccinated children aged 6-9 and 10-13 years. Vaccine 2007;26:32-40 Schmitt-Grohé S et al. Safety of an influenza-split-vaccine in children. Klin Padiatr 2000;213(6):338-342 Simonsen L, et al. Pandemic versus epidemic influenza mortality: a pattern of changing age distribution. J Infect Dis 1998;178:53-60 Sugaya N, et al. Mass vaccination of schoolchildren against influenza and its impact on the influenza-associated mortality rate among children in Japan. CID 2005;41:939-947 Sugaya N, et al. Efficacy of inactivated vaccine in preventing antigenically drifted influenza type A and well-matched type B. JAMA 1994; 272(14): 1122-1126 TW-CDC. http://www.cdc.gov.tw/lp.asp?ctNode=1895&CtUnit=1074&BaseDSD=7&mp=110/ 62 US-CDC. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP): prevention and control of influenza. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2007;56(RR-6):1-60 US-CDC. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP): prevention and control of influenza. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2003;52(RR-8):1-36 Wright PF. The use of inactivated influenza vaccine in children. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis 2006; 17:200-205 Wu SC, et al. Effectiveness of influenza vaccination for children, elderly, and high risk workers in Taiwan. Study report supported by TW-CDC in 2005. Zangwill KM, et al. Safety and efficacy of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in young children: a summary for the new era of routine vaccination. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2004;23:189-200 Zeman AM, et al. Humoral and cellular immune responses in children given annual immunization with trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007;26(2):107-15 Zhu FC, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of two subunit influenza vaccines in healthy children, adults and the elderly: a randomized controlled trial in China. Vaccine 2008;26:4579-4584 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/9415 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 流行性感冒是每年冬季好發的呼吸道傳染病,孩童是流感病毒的易感受者之一,易在得流感之後傳播病毒給同處的其他孩童或家中同住的年長者與幼童,所以我國的防疫政策每年為滿6到24個月大的幼童免費接種季節性流感疫苗,以增幼童的免疫保護。惜台灣在2006~07年的B型流感流行導致許多孩童的重症與死亡,因此衛生單位考量流感在孩童中的傳播及預防的重要性,首度在2007~08年針對全國的國小一、二年級學童開始接種免費流感疫苗,為此本研究目的是在學童接種流感疫苗前後,以血清流行病學探究學童接種流感疫苗的免疫效果和不良反應,並評估接種疫苗對學童及其家人的疫苗效益(vaccine effectiveness)。 做法上,以台灣的都會區台北市一所、鄉村區宜蘭三所和離島區金門兩所國小的一、二年級學童為研究對象,經過家長簽署同意後,敬邀學童參與研究,在各校的流感疫苗接種日前的二至三週內、接種後的一和四個月,各抽血3~5 cc,以進行流感病毒三疫苗株 [A/Solomon Islands/3/2006 (H1N1),A/Wisconsin/67/2005 (H3N2), B/Malaysia/2506/2004]的血球凝集抑制抗體[hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody]測試。此外,經由家長填寫問卷蒐集學童的基本人口學、流感的危險及保護因子、接種疫苗後的不良反應與學童及其家戶成員在此流感流行季中發生感冒的症狀等資料,以學生t檢定(student t test)、卡方檢定(χ2 test)和費歇爾精確檢定(Fisher exact test)進行統計分析,以確切明瞭流感疫苗對預防其感染、發病與傳播家人罹病的群體免疫之三方面成效及其相關聯的危險與保護因子。 在總計677位持續參加研究的學童(590名有三次的血清及87名有前兩次的血清)中,572位(84.5%)學童有施打2007~08年的流感疫苗,比較學童有無接種疫苗,發現此二群在各校中的分布、每日睡眠時數、參與課餘活動、家中照顧者的教育程度、研究期間的缺席及2006~07年接種流感疫苗均達統計差異(p<0.05)。
疫苗施打後一到三個月內,比較疫苗接種者與非接種者兩組在三種的疫苗效益,發現:(1) 疫苗『防止感染』(血清流感抗體四倍上升)的效益分別是:A/H1N1流感為-29.32% [1.41% (7/498) vs. 1.09% (1/92)]、A/H3N2流感為86.14% [0.60% (3/498) vs. 4.35% (4/92)] (p<0.05)和B型流感為38.42% [2.01% (10/498) vs. 3.26% (3/92)];(2) 以防止學童發生類流感(influenza-like illness, ILI)的臨床症狀(出現一項全身性合併一項呼吸道症狀)評估所得的疫苗效益是31.60% [19.74% (108/547) vs. 28.87% (28/97)] (p<0.05);及(3) 在流感流行季間因呼吸道症狀而缺席或住院的疫苗效益各是43.89% [16.61% (90/542) vs. 29.59% (29/98)] (p<0.05)和45.76% [1.11% (6/542) vs. 2.04% (2/98)]。仔細探究,發現疫苗施打後一至三個月內,27名流感血清抗體四倍上升的自然感染學童之三種效益,在:(1) 防止學童得類流感的疫苗效益是53.95% [26.32% (5/19) vs. 57.14% (4/7)];(2) 降低學童在流感流行季間缺席或住院的疫苗效益各是41.67% [50.00% (9/18) vs. 85.71% (6/7)] 和63.16% [5.26% (1/19) vs. 14.29% (1/7)];及(3) 減少學童家人得呼吸道病徵的疫苗效益是42.28% [15.28% (11/72) vs. 26.47% (9/34)]。 比較有、無接種疫苗學童在打疫苗後一個月的免疫效果,針對A/Solomon Islands/3/2006 (H1N1)、A/Wisconsin/67/2005 (H3N2) 和B/Malaysia/2506/2004三株流感疫苗的組成病毒株可發現,有打疫苗學童的血清保護率、血清抗體四倍上升率和幾何平均效價均比沒打疫苗學童顯著地高 (p<0.05),即學童在此三流感疫苗病毒株的:(1)血清保護率(sero-protection rate: 抗體≧1:40)各是94.06% (538/572) vs. 75.24% (79/105)、97.73% (559/572) vs. 85.71% (90/105)、69.06% (395/572) vs. 31.43% (33/105);(2) 血清抗體四倍上升比率(percentage of 4-fold serotiter rise)各是53.67% (307/572) vs. 3.81% (4/105)、70.80% (405/572) vs. 3.81% (4/105)及34.44% (197/572) vs. 0% (0/105);(3) 血清抗體的幾何平均效價(geometric mean titer, GMT)各是161.11 vs. 45.63、329.00 vs. 63.64及48.57 vs. 20.42。整體而言,學童對A/H3N2流感病毒的抗體反應最好,但對B型流感病毒為最差。有15.2% (71/648)學童紀錄在接種部位的疼痛反應,但大部分的學童在接種流感疫苗後均無不良反應。 在打疫苗後一至四個月流感血清抗體呈四倍上升而得流感感染的27名學童中(包含1名感染兩型病毒者),觀察其抗體上升前之疫苗後一個月的抗體分布,可發現感染學童的血清抗體均較低,從≦1:10至1:80不等,以抗體值1:40 (35.7%, 10/28)和1:20 (28.6%, 8/28)為最多,顯示在疫苗接種後,抗體較低之學童在流行季中會有相對較高的機會感染到流感病毒。 針對前兩年未接種過流感疫苗,於2007~08年首次接種學童在都會區、鄉村和離島之血清抗體幾何平均效價,在接種前學童對A/H3N2和B型流感即有地區間的差異(p<0.05),以都會區之幾何平均效價最高,離島最低;在接種疫苗後一個月和流行季結束之抗體衰退時,都會區的幾何平均效價仍較其他兩區高,且對A/H1N1和A/H3N2流感病毒均呈現地區間的差異(p<0.05)。此外,研究結果也顯示研究學校的疫苗接種比率越高,學童中血清抗體四倍上升證實之流感侵襲率呈現較低的趨勢(R2=0.26)。 本研究的結論是流感疫苗接種者在接種後一個月的血清抗體在上述三種血清評估值上均比未接種者高(p<0.05),且至流行季末的疫苗接種後四個月時,仍維持比未接種學童為高(p<0.05),顯示疫苗接種所產生的血清抗體能夠維持並保護學童到流感季結束。另方面,往後應強化疫苗中B型流感病毒的免疫效果,或者進行補接種。未來我們仍需要藉由血清流行病學的長期追蹤研究,比較不同年度流行的野生病毒株特性,觀察疫苗介入的遠程效果,深信此台灣公共衛生經驗能為流感病毒在孩童間的傳播提供最佳的防疫實證。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-05-20T20:21:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-98-R95842018-1.pdf: 1758963 bytes, checksum: 7cb66037b1f423e87f48e15ca7676f6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 口試委員會審定書……………………………………………………………………I
Chinese Acknowledgements (致謝)……………………………….…………….......II Chinese Abstract (中文摘要)……...………….…………………………………….III English Abstract.………………..….…..…………………………...……………….VI Figure Contents…………….………………………………………………....…XVI Table Contents………………………………………………………………..…XVII Chapter 1 Introduction…………………………………………………………...…1 Chapter 2 Literature Review………………………………………………3 2.1 Public Health Importance of Influenza in Children….……………………..3 2.2 General Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations of Influenza in Children….3 2.2.1 Clinical Manifestations of Influenza in Children……………………………3 2.2.2 Epidemiology of Influenza in Children……………………………………..4 2.3 Influenza Vaccines……………………………………………………………6 2.3.1 Pediatric Influenza Vaccines………………………………………………..6 2.3.2 Influenza Vaccine Policy and Coverage Rates for Children in Taiwan….9 2.4 Methods to Evaluate Vaccine……………………………………………….10 2.4.1 Vaccine Efficacy and Vaccine Effectiveness…………………………….10 2.4.2 Vaccine Efficacy and Vaccine Effectiveness Studies to Evaluate Trivalent Human Influenza Vaccine………………………………………11 2.5 Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of Trivalent Influenza Vaccines in Children…………………………………………………………………….17 2.5.1 Immunogenicity of Trivalent Influenza Vaccines (TIV) in Children…….17 2.5.2 The Usual Reactogenicity after Vaccination…………………………….20 Chapter 3 Objectives, Specific Aims and Hypotheses……………………………22 3.1 Objective……………………………………………………………………..22 3.2 Specific Aims…………………………………………………………………22 3.3 Hypotheses…………………………………………………………………22 Chapter 4 Materials and Methods…………………………………..…………..24 4.1 Study Design and Study Populations…………………………………………24 4.2 Data Collection ………………………………………………………………25 4.3 Laboratory Methods………………………………………………………….26 4.3.1 Serum Samples Treatment………………………………………………26 4.3.2 Receptor Destroying Enzyme (RDE) Treatment……………………….26 4.3.3 Identification of Non-specific Agglutinin in Treated Serum Samples…….26 4.3.4 Human Influenza Virus Strains…………………………………….………27 4.3.5 Hemagglutination (HA) Assay………………………………….…………27 4.3.6 Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) Assay……………………..……………27 4.4 Outcome Analyses………………………………………..……………………28 4.4.1 Outcome Measures……………………………………..…………………..28 4.4.2 Data Analyses………………………………………….…………………..29 4.5 Statistictical Methods………………………………………………………….30 Chapter 5 Results.………………………………………………..…………………31 5.1 Characteristics of the Study Cohort in Taiwan……………..………………….31 5.1.1 Participation Rates and Follow-up Rates……………….………………….31 5.1.2 Influenza Vaccine Coverage Rates and Relationship with Natural Infection Rates…………………………………………..…………………32 5.1.3 Demographic Analysis of the Participants…………………………………33 5.1.4 Risk Factor Analysis between Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Children…...33 5.1.5 Distribution of HI Antibody Serotiters and GMTs between Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Children…………………………………….………….34 5.2 Vaccine Efficacy and Vaccine Effectiveness………………………..………35 5.2.1 Influenza Virus Infection Prevented……………………………………35 5.2.2 Influenza-like Illness Reduced.……………………………………..…….36 5.2.3 Absenteeism and Hospitalization Percentages Decreased………………36 5.2.4 Vaccine Efficacy among Influenza Naturally Infected Children…………37 5.3 Serological Evaluation of Influenza HI Antibodies among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Children…………………………………………………39 5.3.1 Percentage of Sero-protection………………………………………..…..39 5.3.2 Four-fold Serotiter Rises of HI Antibodies…………………………….….40 5.4 Distribution of Anti-influenza HI Serotiters and GMTs of the Three 2007 Vaccine Component Strains at Three Study Areas……………………..41 5.4.1 Taipei City vs. Yilan Rural Area vs. Isolated Kinmen Islet ……….…….41 5.4.2 GMT Variations at the Three Yilan Schools ……………………………..43 5.4.3 GMT Variations at the Two Kimen Schools ……………………….44 5.5 Reactogenicity among Schoolchildren………………………………46 Chapter 6 Discussion ……………………………………………………………47 6.1 Vaccine Effectiveness among Grade 1-2 Elementary Schoolchildren……48 6.1.1 Low Vaccine Efficacy for A/H1N1 Virus………………………………48 6.1.2 Household Protection……………………………………………………48 6.2 Immunogenicity and Safety of 2007-2008 Trivalent Influenza Vaccines Given to Grade 1-2 Elementary Schoolchildren ……………………………49 6.2.1 At What Levels of Antibody of HI Were Protective?...............................50 6.2.2 Implication of Geographical Variations…………………………………..50 6.2.3 Impact of Prior Infection and Levels of Immunogenicity……………….52 6.3 Social Impact of 2007-2008 Influenza Vaccine Given to Grade 1-2 Elementary Schoolchildren ……………………………………………54 6.4 Limitations ……………………………………………………………....54 6.5 Future Perspectives ……………………………………………………...55 References…………………………………………………………………………...57 Figures…………………………………………..…………………………..………63 Tables………………………………………………………………………..………66 Appendix ……………………………………………………………………………83 A. Percentage of Sero-protection of HI Serotiters against the Three Human Influenza Strains at the Three Time-points…………..………………83 B. GMTs of HI Serotiters against the Three Human Influenza Strains at the Three Time-points……………………………………………..………………90 C. Percentage of Serotiter Four-fold Rise of HI Antibodies against the Three Human Influenza Strains from Pre-vaccination to 1-month and 4-month Post-vaccination……………………………………………92 D. Laboratory Protocols………………………………………………….………..97 1. Receptor Destroying Enzyme (RDE) Treatment for Tested Serum Samples..97 2. Identification of Non-specific Agglutinin in Treated Serum Samples………97 3. Hemagglutination Assay……………………………………………………..98 4. Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) Assay…………………………………….98 E. Questionnaires…………………………………………………………………100 1. Questionnaire at Pre-vaccination…………………………………..……….100 2. Questionnaire at 1-month Post-vaccination………………………...………101 3. Questionnaire at 4-month Post-vaccination………………………...………102 F. Autobiography of Author Ms. Yun-Chin Chu………………………...………105 Figure 1 Geographical Location of the Three Studied Areas Where the Six Elementary Schools (1. TP-GT, 2. YL-SS, 3. YL-LT, 4. YL-LZ, 5. KM-JJ, 6. KM-JH) Are Selected. 63 Figure 2 The Relationship between the Vaccine Coverage Rates of (A) Total Target Population and of (B) Study Participants and the Influenza Virus Infection Rates among the Six Schools, Oct, 2007-Apr, 2008. 64 Figure 3 Comparison of the Cumulative Percentages of HI Serotiters against the Three Human Influenza Virus Strains: (A) A/H1N1 Virus, (B) A/H3N2 Virus, and (C) B Virus of Vaccinated Children and (D) A/H1N1 Virus, (E) A/H3N2 Virus, and (F) B Virus of Unvaccinated Children at the Three Time-points, Oct, 2007-Apr, 2008. 65 Table Contents Table 1 Dates of the Three Time-points That Serum Samples Were Collected from the Six Elementary Schools in Taiwan during Oct, 2007-Apr, 2008. 66 Table 2 Participation and Follow-up Rates of the Serum Collected from the Children of the Six Elementary Schools in Taiwan at the Three Time-points (Pre-vaccination, 1-month and 4-month Post-vaccination) during Oct, 2007-Apr, 2008. 67 Table 3 Vaccine Coverage Rates and Human Influenza Infection Rates among the Six Selected Elementary Schools. 68 Table 4 Demographic Analysis of Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Groups of the 677 Studied Participants at the Six Elementary Schools in Taiwan during the 2007-2008 Influenza Season, Oct, 2007-Apr, 2008. 69 Table 5 Risk Factor Analyses of Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Groups of the Studied Participants at the Six Elementary Schools in Taiwan during the 2007-2008 Influenza Season, Oct, 2007-Apr, 2008. 70 Table 6 Distribution of HI Antibody Serotiters against the Three Human Influenza Virus Vaccine Strains at Three Time-points Stratified by Vaccination Status in Taiwan, Oct, 2007-Apr, 2008. 72 Table 7A Vaccine Efficacy in Preventing Human Influenza Virus Infection Evaluated by their 4-fold HI Serotiter Rise against the Three Strains of Human Influenza Vaccine Viruses among Schoolchildren in Taiwan, from 1-month Post-vaccination to 4-month Post-vaccination during the 2007-2008 Influenza Season. 73 Table 7B Vaccine Effectiveness in Reducing Influenza-like Illness (ILI) between Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Schoolchildren in Taiwan from 1-month Post-vaccination to the Ending Period of the 2007-2008 Influenza Season. 73 Table 7C Vaccine Effectiveness in Decreasing the Absenteeism and Hospitalization Rates Related to Respiratory Illness among Schoolchildren during the 2007-2008 Influenza Season. 73 Table 8A Vaccine Effectiveness in Acquiring Influenza-like Illness (ILI) between the Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Schoolchildren with Human Influenza Virus Infectiona from 1-month Post-vaccination through the 2007-2008 Influenza Season in April, 2008. 74 Table 8B Vaccine Effectiveness in the Rates of Absenteeism and Hospitalization Related to Respiratory Illness between the Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Schoolchildren with Human Influenza Virus Infectiona during the 2007-2008 Influenza Season. 74 Table 8C Vaccine Effectiveness in ILIa of the Household Members between the Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Schoolchildren with Human Influenza Virus Infectionb during the 2007-2008 Influenza Season. 75 Table 9 Sero-protection Rates of anti-influenza HI Antibodies between the Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Children for the Three Human Influenza Virus Vaccine Strainsa at Three Time-points, Oct, 2007-Apr, 2008. 76 Table 10 The Percentages of the Four-fold Serotiter rise of Anti-influenza HI Antibodies against the Three Human Influenza Vaccine Virusesa between Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Schoolchildren in Taiwan from Pre-vaccination to 1-month and from 1-month to 4-month Post-vaccination, Oct, 2007-Apr, 2008. 77 Table 11 Geographical and School Variations in Geometric Mean Titers (GMT) of HI Antibodies to the 2007 Three Human Influenza Virus Vaccine Strains among Schoolchildren in the Three Areas at Pre-, 1-month Post- and 4-month Post- vaccination, Oct, 2007-Apr, 2008. 78 Table 12 Geographical Variations in Geometric Mean Titers (GMT) of HI Antibodies to the 2007 Three Human Influenza Virus Vaccine Strains among the 267 Vaccinated Schoolchildren without Influenza Vaccination in 2005 and 2006 in the Three Study Areas at Pre-, 1-month Post- and 4-month Post-vaccination, Oct, 2007-Apr, 2008. 81 Table 13 Reactogenicity during Three Days after Receiving the Influenza Vaccination in 2007 Recorded from Parents or Guardians of the Total 468 Participated Schoolchildren in Taiwan during Nov-Dec, 2007. 82 | |
dc.language.iso | en | |
dc.title | 2007-2008年台灣地區國小一、二年級學童接種流感疫苗的效益研究 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Evaluation of Human Influenza Mass-vaccination among Grade 1-2 Elementary Schoolchildren during 2007-2008 in Taiwan | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 97-1 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 謝英恆,何美鄉,顏慕庸,高全良,顧家綺,李秉穎,方啟泰 | |
dc.subject.keyword | 流感疫苗接種,兒童,免疫效果,疫苗效益,血清流行病學,台灣, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | influenza vaccination,children,immunogenicity,vaccine effectiveness,seroepidemiology,Taiwan, | en |
dc.relation.page | 105 | |
dc.rights.note | 同意授權(全球公開) | |
dc.date.accepted | 2009-02-04 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 公共衛生學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 流行病學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 流行病學與預防醫學研究所 |
文件中的檔案:
檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
---|---|---|---|
ntu-98-1.pdf | 1.72 MB | Adobe PDF | 檢視/開啟 |
系統中的文件,除了特別指名其著作權條款之外,均受到著作權保護,並且保留所有的權利。