提升建築永續性： LEED、EEWH-RS 與 GRESB 的比較分析

Abstract

建築業是全球碳排放的主要來源之一，因此該行業必須採取全面的策略並遵循可信的標準來管理其碳足跡。因此，本文討論了兩個綠色建築認證系統：全球廣泛認可的標準 LEED（能源與環境設計領導認證）和臺灣本地的認證系統 EEWH RS（生態、節能、減少廢物和健康---- 住宅類）。這些系統為能源效率、節水和廢物管理設置了基準。 本研究另一方面是檢視 LEED 和 EEWH RS 與 GRESB 問卷的兼容性，以找出一致的領域。通過將永續發展目標 (SDGs) 和環境、社會與治理 (ESG) 標準納入評估框架，旨在提高 GRESB 評分的同時也能促進SDGs的社會福祉，提昇建築綜合的永續性。除此之外，本文還強調了生命周期評估 (LCA) 作為全面環境評估工具的重要性，因為這往往是當前系統未能完全解決的問題。通過比較台灣的產品類別規則 (PCR) 和目前具有共識性的歐洲標準 EN15978，強調了差異並尋求一致，以增強可比性，確保不同地區和建築類型的環境績效評估具有一致性和意義。 這種整體方法不僅可以辨識建築營造業碳管理問題，亦促進了建築行業的永續發展。同時，將生命周期思維和永續性標準納入評估框架，能使利益相關者能夠做出符合更廣泛環境目標的明智決策。本文還探討了永續建築發展的市場層面，以同時兼顧利害關係人經濟效益、國家發展，並為實現全球氣候目標做出貢獻。最後，本文還建議擴大研究範圍，以涵蓋商業建築、工業設施和翻新項目，並使用現場調查和租戶訪談等多樣化的數據收集方法，以更深入地了解實際實現永續發展目標的挑戰和機遇。

The construction industry is one of the major sources of global carbon emissions, and therefore, the sector must adopt comprehensive strategies and follow credible standards to manage its carbon footprint. This paper discusses two green building certification systems: the globally recognized standard LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) and Taiwan's local certification system EEWH RS (Ecology, Energy Saving, Waste Reduction, and Health for Residences). These systems set benchmarks for energy efficiency, water conservation, and waste management.

The study examines the compatibility of LEED and EEWH RS with the GRESB questionnaire to identify consistent areas. By incorporating the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) standards into the evaluation framework, the aim is to improve GRESB scores while promoting the social welfare goals of the SDGs, thereby enhancing the overall sustainability of buildings. Additionally, the paper highlights the importance of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as a comprehensive environmental assessment tool, addressing issues that current systems may not fully resolve. By comparing Taiwan's Product Category Rules (PCR) with the widely accepted European standard EN15978, the study emphasizes the differences and seeks to harmonize them to enhance comparability, ensuring consistent and meaningful environmental performance assessments across different regions and building types.

This holistic approach not only identifies carbon management issues in the construction industry but also promotes the sustainable development of the building sector. Integrating life cycle thinking and sustainability standards into the evaluation framework enables stakeholders to make informed decisions aligned with broader environmental goals. The paper also explores the market aspects of sustainable building development, balancing stakeholder economic benefits and national development, and contributing to global climate goals. Finally, it recommends expanding the research scope to cover commercial buildings, industrial facilities, and renovation projects, using diverse data collection methods such as field surveys and tenant interviews to gain deeper insights into the challenges and opportunities of achieving sustainable development goals in practice.