矽基化合物複合樹脂生成透明防火塗料

Abstract

木竹材做為重要的森林資源，具有快速的生長能力，以及良好的固碳效益，在傳統的應用上可以當作家具材料以及一些小規模建築的材料。在應用上，火災事故對於林產品是一個不可忽視的威脅。目前市售透明防火塗料主要使用樹脂構成，本研究對此種配方加入各種矽類化合物，包括矽酸鈉(又稱水玻璃Sodium silicate)和矽凝膠(Colloidal silica)。利用塗裝的方式將藥劑應用於孟宗竹單板中。 塗料部分，經800°C熱重分析檢測後，聚氨基甲酸酯(polyurethane, PU)加入20 %矽凝膠後提升了22.71 %的剩餘重量以及在主要降解區段提升了15.14 kJ/mol的活化能。環氧樹脂(Epoxy, EPO)加入20 %矽凝膠以及水玻璃後，檢測後分別提升了8.63以及23.24 %的剩餘重量，並提高了8.15以及27.41 kJ/mol的活化能。 而圓錐量熱儀方面。塗裝的竹板經過檢測發現，PU加入20 %矽凝膠後，總熱量釋放降低了6.15 MJ/m2，總煙霧釋放降低85.85 m2。而EPO加入20 %矽凝膠與水玻璃後總熱量釋放分別降低了6.43 與0.29MJ/m2，總煙霧釋放部分EPO加入20 %矽凝膠降低186.45 m2。而單純塗佈水玻璃的樣本試驗全程總熱量釋放僅0.22 MJ/m2，最高放熱速率峰值為5.18 kW/m2，且幾乎沒有煙霧產出。

As one of the important forest resources, wood and bamboo have rapid growth ability and great carbon sequestration efficiency, in traditional applications, they can be used as furniture materials and materials for some small-scale construction. However, since wood and bamboo are mainly composed of hydrocarbons with low flash points, fire accidents are a threat that cannot be ignored in terms of application. The currently available transparent fire-retardant coatings primarily use resin as their main component. This study incorporates various silicon compounds into such formulations, including sodium silicate (water glass) and colloidal silica. These agents were applied to moso bamboo through coating methods. In the coating section, after thermogravimetric analysis at 800 °C, the addition of 20 % silica gel to polyurethane (PU) resulted in a 22.71 % increase in residual weight and an increase of 15.14 kJ/mol in activation energy in the main degradation region. For epoxy resin (EPO), the addition of 20 % silica gel and sodium silicate resulted in increases of 8.63% and 23.24% in residual weight respectively and increases of 8.15 and 27.41 kJ/mol in activation energy.

In terms of cone calorimeter testing, the coated bamboo panels showed that with the addition of 20 % silica gel to PU, the total heat release decreased by 6.15 MJ/m², and the total smoke release decreased by 85.85 m². For EPO, with the addition of 20 % silica gel and sodium silicate, the total heat release decreased by 6.43 and 0.29 MJ/m² respectively. The total smoke release for EPO with 20 % silica gel decreased by 186.45 m². In the case of samples coated with sodium silicate, the total heat release throughout the test was only 0.22 MJ/m², the peak heat release rate was 5.18 kW/m², and there was almost no smoke production.