吳派書畫中的採蓮主題：以《唐寅文彭採蓮書畫合璧卷》為例

Abstract

國立故宮博物院所藏明《唐寅文彭採蓮書畫合璧卷》，由唐寅（1470-1524）《採蓮圖》、文彭（1497-1573）草書《（王勃）採蓮曲》及項元汴款小景圖三部分組合而成，其中唐寅《採蓮圖》繪製於 1520 年、文彭草書書寫於 1559年，前後相距近 40 年，亦分屬兩代吳派文人的晚年傑作，因同屬「採蓮」主題而被合裝一卷，書與畫交相輝映，堪稱難得。關於吳門書畫，歷來研究甚夥，但關於此書畫合璧卷尚缺乏深入分析，尤其「採蓮」是中國文學史上抒發文人「閨怨」、訴說個人抑郁不得志的典型題材之一，本文以《唐寅文彭採蓮書畫合璧卷》為核心，結合「採蓮」象徵的文學意涵，並梳理吳派文人「採蓮」詩文書畫創作中的情感表達，進一步剖析吳派文人於「採蓮」題材書畫中寄寓的失意困頓之感與抑鬱不平之氣。 此外，本文兼及討論好事者假借「項元汴」之名，將繪畫與書法合裝一卷的可能意圖與時間段。而在明清鼎革之際，「採蓮」意涵也隨之發生轉變，在特殊的歷史時空背景之下，「採蓮」一方面作為江南獨有的農作活動，象徵失陷清軍之手的明朝故地；另一方面還承載著過去國運昌盛、經濟繁榮的美好想像，因而「採蓮」被江南明遺民視作懷念故國、寄托哀思的具象載體，亦是十分有趣的現象。

The "The Picking Lotuses by Tang Yin and The Poetry on Picking Lotuses in Cursive Script by Wen Peng" from the Ming Dynasty, housed in the National Palace Museum, consists of Tang Yin’s (1470-1524) "Lotus Picking Painting," Wen Peng’s (1497-1573) cursive script of "(Wang Bo’s) Lotus Picking Song," and a small landscape by Xiang Yuanbian. Tang Yin’s painting was created in 1520 and Wen Peng’s calligraphy in 1559, nearly 40 years apart. These works represent the late masterpieces of two generations of Wu School literati and were combined into a scroll because they share the same theme of "lotus picking". The combination of painting and calligraphy creates a rare and beautiful synergy. While there has been considerable research on Wu School painting and calligraphy, in-depth analysis of this particular scroll is lacking. The theme of "lotus picking" is a classic motif in Chinese literature for expressing "boudoir grief" and personal frustration. This article focuses on the "Tang Yin and Wen Peng Lotus Picking Painting and Calligraphy Scroll," examining the literary symbolism of "lotus picking" and the emotional expressions in Wu School literati’s poetry, prose, and painting on this theme. It further analyzes the feelings of disappointment and frustration conveyed in the Wu School’s "lotus picking" themed works. Additionally, the article discusses the possibility and intentions behind the combination of painting and calligraphy under the name "Xiang Yuanbian" by later admirers. During the transition between the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the meaning of "lotus picking" also changed. In this unique historical context, "lotus picking," an agricultural activity unique to Jiangnan, symbolized the lost Ming territories to the Qing army. It also carried the nostalgia for the prosperous past of the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, "lotus picking" became a concrete symbol for Jiangnan Ming loyalists to express their mourning for the fallen dynasty, making it a fascinating phenomenon.