建築整合式太陽能熱水器研製

Abstract

本研究旨在改善傳統太陽能熱水器破壞景觀之缺點，設計出融合建築建材之熱水器(女兒牆或遮陽棚)，可安裝於各種建築條件下不受角度擺放的限制，並講究美觀，搭配不同顏色集熱面蓋。不同於一般熱水器結構之設計原理，這種太陽能熱水器係利用儲水槽與集熱器整合為一體，藉此達到輕薄短小並降低成本。 為證明此設計可行，故根據CNS B7277 測試標準，建構一套太陽能熱水器性能測試設備，用來測試太陽能熱水器的性能。實驗結果得知，搭配透明玻璃朝南傾斜角25度(一般熱水器安裝方式)，全天集熱特徵效率為0.621，符合政府法規補助之標準－全天集熱特徵效率≧0.5，並設計出低成本高效率之熱交換器－管板(排)式熱交換器，釋熱效率為0.803。 本研究模擬分析在不同安裝條件與搭配不同顏色玻璃的情況下，熱水器對全天集熱效率的影響。由實驗與分析數據比較結果，誤差百分比在20%以內。因此，在安裝「建築整合式太陽能熱水器」時，可以參考本研究之分析結果。 本研究進一步探討安裝於台灣北中南地區(台北、台中、高雄)之長期系統性能模擬與經濟效益分析，由分析結果得知，若將「建築整合式太陽能熱水器」作為女兒牆建材使用(垂直90度安裝)，就算是氣候最不適合發展太陽能產業的台北地區，無論是搭配透明、法國綠、海洋藍玻璃，其還本期皆介於7~11年之間，考量到台北住宅以大樓居多，屋頂可安裝空間不足，未來有其發展價值。

The main purpose of the project is to develop a new type of solar water heater that can be viewed as building material, such as parapet and sun-shading canopy in order to improve the outward appearance from existing heater. The device can fit in with different constructing condition and mounting angle and by covering with various colors of glasses. Unlike regular heaters, the solar heater integrates water storage with collector to achieve lower volume and make cost down. In order to prove the feasibility of building-integrated solar water heater, an automatic monitoring system was designed and set up complying with CNS B7277 national standard. According to the experiment, by setting up transparent optical glass toward south with 25° angle of inclination (regular heater mounting method), we can get a figure of 0.621 for daily-total solar energy collection efficiency, and the result conforms to the condition of subsidy program－Daily-total solar energy collection efficiency ≧ 0.5 which was adopted by the Taiwan Government as a necessary condition for the acceptance of the program. The study analyses the influence toward daily-total solar energy collection efficiency when the solar water heater is mounted under different methods with different colors of glasses. The discrepancy is under 20% which was derived from the comparative result for on-site test and analysis data. Therefore, the analysis result of the study can be considered as a reference when mounting Building-integrated solar hot water heater. The study thus takes one step further to simulate and discuss the long-term performance and economical efficiency for the heater mounted in northern, middle and southern of Taiwan. From the above research, we come to a conclusion as follow: If the Building-integrated solar hot water heater being applied as parapet (vertical mounted), even in Taipei, the last area to develop solar energy industry, whether transparent, green or blue glasses are being chosen, the payback period for the heater can hold a performance of 7~11 years. Considering most dwellings were designed as tall buildings in Taipei and the spaces on the rooftop are usually not enough to mount conventional heater, the application of the research will be worthy of development in the future.