5G導入智慧電網通訊架構及其資安風險研究

Abstract

隨著科技演進，未來將會有更多的設備連上網路，加速產業往數位化和智慧化方向推進。而電力系統堪稱是最大的物聯網（Internet of Things, IoT），亦有愈來愈多的分散式能源設施併網，新興智慧巡檢技術、科技工安、智慧變電所興起等，都在加速推動電力系統往智慧電網方向發展。在科技不斷演進的背景下，本論文旨在於深入綜合現有文獻，系統整理5G技術的要點，同時研析有關5G導入智慧電網的關鍵要素及其合適之應用架構，作為未來智慧電網實際導入5G通訊網路時之技術支援和決策參考。 本論文亦透過簡易實驗室資安檢測，發現資安可能導致的高風險問題，並提出未來合適導入智慧電網之資安防護架構之方案和建議，朝多元化資安解決方向部署。 最後，經由本研究結果亦發現，未來的智慧電網通訊網路架構應以電力領域實務應用需求為前提，而任何網路攻擊皆可對智慧電網造成影響。基此，本論文提出5G導入智慧電網架構及其資安風險之防護架構，可強化未來智慧電網網路通訊系統架構，並降低資安風險，同時這也是跨領域專業整合應用，包括：電力專業、通訊技術以及資安解決方案等，希冀經由本研究跨出第一步，提供未來所需之重要研究參考。

With the evolution of technology, more devices are expected to connect to the internet, accelerating the digitization and smartification of industries. The power system, being the largest Internet of Things （IoT）, witnesses an increasing integration of distributed energy facilities. Emerging technologies such as smart inspection, technological safety, and the rise of smart substations are all contributing to the rapid advancement of the power system towards a smart grid. Against the backdrop of continuous technological evolution, this thesis aims to comprehensively review existing literature, systematically organize key points of 5G technology, and concurrently analyze crucial elements related to the integration of 5G into smart grids. This information serves as a technological support and decision reference for the actual implementation of 5G communication networks in future smart grids. The thesis also conducts a simple laboratory cybersecurity assessment, identifying high-risk issues that could arise from cybersecurity vulnerabilities. It proposes solutions and recommendations for a cybersecurity protection framework suitable for the future implementation of smart grids, emphasizing a diversified approach to cybersecurity solutions. Finally, through the research findings, it is observed that the future architecture of smart grid communication networks should be based on practical applications in the power domain. It is highlighted that any network attack could potentially impact smart grids. Consequently, the thesis proposes an architecture for the integration of 5G into smart grids and a corresponding cybersecurity protection framework. This framework aims to strengthen the future smart grid communication system architecture, reduce cybersecurity risks, and represents an interdisciplinary integration of expertise, including power engineering, communication technology, and cybersecurity solutions. The hope is that this research takes a significant step forward, providing essential research references for future needs.