臺北防洪「開發」的治理悖論—洲美水綠環境與地景涵構的結構性斷裂

Abstract

洲美里位於雙溪匯入基隆河處，屬於基隆河下游的臨河聚落。由於位於臺北都會區的邊陲地帶，在1964年的防洪治理規劃中，洲美里被劃至堤外，成為受到開發限制的農業區。洲美聚落也從此開發停滯，維持農工業的混合地景，直到2009年，北市府的開發規劃「北投士林科技園區」終於定案，落腳於洲美地區。 北士科的開發並非完全取代原來社區。舊時的洲美里1至8鄰轉化成北士科，而9、10鄰則仍維持著原有樣貌。北士科帶來的專案住宅，也為居民帶來了新的互動想像及對話架構。居民人數的提升、新居民的遷入，也為部份洲美居民帶來了不同聚落認知。社區事務上的互動溝通，也因此往制定規章的方向靠攏，取代了以往的直接對話與交陪。這些展現出組織化的新層疊架構，從天而降、短短幾年內迅速鋪張開來，覆蓋、推倒了原有居民與環境之間的關係與互動，產生了巨大變化。 本研究針對洲美如今二種生活型態的並置，探討曾飽受淹水之苦的洲美，在禁建銜接快速開發之下，洲美原聚落既有的水綠環境紋理與脈絡，如何積極適應與調整。北市府在帶有防洪意圖的開發視角下，承受衝擊仍能存續的韌性（Resilience）願景是否有所落實。接著本研究再進一步探究，在北士科專案住宅以及洲美原聚落截然不同的水綠環境之間，居民與政府是如何處理斷裂與銜接。 本研究總結，北士科的開發過份忽略洲美聚落的原有性質，只依靠技術及模擬工具執行規劃工作，最終形成在實質環境上，突兀的衝突與斷裂。本研究認為，政府的規劃治理不應該是一種挑戰系統韌性的衝擊，而應當是在討論多種可能性後，提升與追求社區進步的助力。

Zhoumei Village is located at the confluence of Shuangxi River and Keelung River, belonging to the riverside settlement of the downstream Keelung River. Due to its location on the fringe of the Taipei metropolitan area, Zhoumei Village was designated outside the embankment in the flood control and management plan of 1964, becoming an agricultural area subject to development restrictions. Development in Zhoumei Village stagnated, maintaining a mixed landscape of agriculture and industry until 2009 when the Taipei City Government''s development plan, the "Beitou-Shilin Science Park," was finally approved, settling in the Zhoumei area. The development of Beitou-Shilin Science Park did not entirely replace the original community. The former Zhoumei Village neighborhoods 1 to 8 were transformed into Beitou-Shilin Science Park, while neighborhoods 9 and 10 retained their original appearance. The project residences brought by Beitou-Shilin Science Park also brought new imaginations and frameworks for interaction for residents. The increase in population and the influx of new residents also brought different perceptions of the community for some Zhoumei residents. Interaction and communication in community affairs thus leaned towards the formulation of regulations, replacing previous direct dialogues and exchanges. These demonstrate an organized new layering structure, rapidly unfolding within a few years, covering and altering the relationships and interactions between original residents and the environment, resulting in significant changes. This study focuses on the juxtaposition of two lifestyles in present-day Zhoumei, exploring how Zhoumei, which once suffered from flooding, adapts and adjusts its existing water and green environment textures and contexts under the constraints of rapid development. It investigates whether the vision of resilience that Taipei City Government carries, with a development perspective that includes flood prevention, has been implemented despite the impact. Furthermore, the study examines how residents and the government handle the discontinuity and connection between the project residences in Beitou-Shilin Science Park and the vastly different water and green environments of the original Zhoumei settlement. In conclusion, this study finds that the development of Beitou-Shilin Science Park excessively disregarded the original nature of Zhoumei Village, relying solely on technology and simulation tools for planning work, ultimately resulting in abrupt conflicts and discontinuities in the actual environment. The study suggests that government planning and governance should not challenge the resilience of the system but should instead serve as a catalyst for discussing various possibilities and advancing community progress.