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| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 陳尊賢(Zueng-Sang Chen) | |
| dc.contributor.author | Pin-Chieh Chen | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 陳品潔 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-05-20T20:11:00Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2011-07-31 | |
| dc.date.available | 2021-05-20T20:11:00Z | - |
| dc.date.copyright | 2009-07-31 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2009 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2009-07-28 | |
| dc.identifier.citation | 參考文獻
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| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/9152 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 水是森林生態系中的重要溶劑，為元素提供了移動的途徑。對複雜的森林生態系統而言，土壤溶液的化學組成提供了植物有效養分隨時間與空間分佈的資訊，故前人藉此描述森林土壤的養分狀態，以增進對研究地區基礎生態特性的了解。工業革命後，土壤溶液的研究更被應用於評估森林土壤面對人為酸沉降逆境的反應。本研究目的為建立福山永久樣區穿落水、地表逕流與土壤溶液之化學組成資料庫，並推估土壤養分元素的輸入與輸出量。本研究始於2007年12月選定永久樣區弱育土與極育土分佈之兩研究區，各設置三重覆樣區。於現地土壤剖面中A層底部與B化育層底部埋設滲漏水收集裝置以收取土壤溶液，並在剖面旁同時進行穿落水與地表逕流水的收集。研究期間每月收取水樣一次，攜回實驗室後分析其溶液組成。化學分析的項目包含溶液pH、電導度、可溶性有機碳、土壤溶液中鉀、鈉、鈣、鎂、鐵、鋁、錳、矽、氯、硫酸鹽、硝酸鹽及磷酸鹽的濃度。研究結果顯示，福山永久樣區降下之穿落水pH值平均為4.7，此溶液pH值已屬於酸雨的範圍。穿落水入滲進入土壤中後，土壤溶液的pH值平均為6.4，顯示福山天然闊葉林土壤具有緩衝酸雨的能力。溶液化學組成的監測結果顯示，鈣離子是土壤溶液中主要的鹽基陽離子，其年平均濃度達341 μeq/L，大幅高於穿落水的20.9 μeq/L及地表逕流水的42.4 μeq/L，鈣離子濃度在土壤溶液中大幅高於穿落水與地表逕流，可能是研究區土壤緩衝外來酸性物質沉降的機制。在森林生態系統中土壤元素收支量的估計結果顯示，矽酸、鈣、鐵與硝酸根離子，呈現淨釋放狀態；鋁與錳的輸入與輸出量接近平衡；鉀、鈉、鎂、氯與硫酸根離子可能多經吸持或吸收作用，留存於此土壤生態系統中。本研究將B化育層底端所收集之土壤溶液視為自土壤流失的養分，有可能造成元素輸出量的高估。 | zh_TW |
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| dc.description.tableofcontents | 目錄
頁次 中文摘要............................................................................................................................I 英文摘要.........................................................................................................................III 目錄..................................................................................................................................V 表目錄...........................................................................................................................VII 圖目錄..........................................................................................................................VIII 第一章 前言..................................................................................................................1 第二章 前人研究 2.1土壤溶液化學組成所提供的資訊.....................................................................3 2.2 土壤溶液的採集................................................................................................5 2.3 元素收支的模式................................................................................................6 2.4 福山永久樣區之相關研究................................................................................7 第三章 材料與方法 3.1 研究地區環境概述............................................................................................9 3.1.1 地理位置.................................................................................................9 3.1.2 氣候.......................................................................................................13 3.1.3 樣區植物組成.......................................................................................13 3.1.4 不同地形之土壤剖面特性及土壤基本性質.......................................16 3.2 穿落水、逕流水與土壤溶液之化學組成試驗..............................................19 3.2.1 樣區設置...............................................................................................19 3.2.2 穿落水、地表逕流水與土壤溶液之採樣方法...................................19 3.2.3 溶液化學組成分析之前處理...............................................................28 3.2.4 測定溶液化學組成...............................................................................28 3.2.5 元素收支模式.......................................................................................29 3.2.6 溶液化學組成之元素量的計算...........................................................31 第四章 結果與討論 4.1 溶液化學組成..................................................................................................35 4.1.1. 穿落水 (throughfall) ..........................................................................35 4.1.2. 地表逕流水 (surface runoff) ..............................................................42 4.1.3. 土壤溶液 (soil solution) ....................................................................51 4.2溶液之陰陽離子平衡.......................................................................................70 4.3 元素輸入與輸出量的估計..............................................................................72 4.3.1. 元素輸入 (element input) ..................................................................73 4.3.2 元素之輸出 (element output) .............................................................76 4.3.3 估算元素收支之誤差與不確定因素...................................................80 第五章 結論................................................................................................................80 參考文獻.......................................................................................................................82 附錄................................................................................................................................87 表目錄 頁次 表1、調查樣區的優勢種..............................................................................................15 表2、福山25公頃永久樣區之表土土壤基本性質……............................................18 表3、研究期間弱育土與極育土樣區溶液量紀錄......................................................22 表4、試驗期間弱育土與極育土樣區之元素輸入量與輸出量估計值…..................74 表5、福山與其它森林元素輸入量的比較..................................................................75 表6、試驗期間弱育土與極育土樣區之元素收支估計值..........................................77 表7、福山與其它森林元素輸出量的比較..................................................................79 圖目錄 頁次 圖1、福山永久樣區地理位置......................................................................................10 圖2、福山25公頃樣區等高線地形圖........................................................................11 圖3、福山25公頃樣區網格地形圖............................................................................12 圖4、福山1993-2004年之生態氣候圖.......................................................................14 圖5、福山永久樣區土壤剖面採樣位置圖..................................................................17 圖6、福山樣區設置圖..................................................................................................20 圖7、福山2008年及2004-2008年之平均 (a) 氣溫 與 (b) 雨量..........................21 圖8、穿落水收集裝置..................................................................................................24 圖9、地表逕流水收集裝置..........................................................................................25 圖10、土壤滲漏溶液收取裝置…….......................................................,....................26 圖11、用於土壤溶液收集之土壤滲漏溶液收集器....................................................27 圖12、試驗中所採集的水樣........................................................................................30 圖13、兩研究區穿落水之 (a) pH 與 (b) 電導度.....................................................36 圖14、兩研究區穿落水陽離子組成 (a) 鉀、(b) 鈉、(c) 鈣、(d) 鎂、(e) 鐵、 (f) 鋁、(g) 錳與 (h) 矽濃度隨時間的變化..................................................38 圖14、(續) .....................................................................................................................39 圖14、(續) .....................................................................................................................40 圖14、(續) .....................................................................................................................41 圖15、兩研究區穿落水 (a) 氯、(b) 硝酸根、(c) 硫酸根與 (d) DOC濃度隨時間 的變化……………………………………………...........................................43 圖15、(續) .....................................................................................................................44 圖16、兩研究區地表逕流水之 (a) pH 與 (b) 電導度.............................................45 圖17、兩研究區地表逕流水陽離子組成 (a) 鉀、(b) 鈉、(c) 鈣、(d) 鎂、(e) 鐵、 (f) 鋁、(g) 錳與 (h) 矽濃度隨時間的變化..................................................47 圖17、(續) .....................................................................................................................48 圖17、(續) .....................................................................................................................49 圖17、(續) .....................................................................................................................50 圖18、兩研究區地表逕流水 (a) 氯、(b) 硝酸根、(c) 硫酸根與 (d) DOC濃度 隨時間的變化………………..………………………….................................52 圖18、(續) .....................................................................................................................53 圖19、兩研究區A層土壤溶液之 (a) pH 與 (b) 電導度.........................................54 圖20、兩研究區B層底端土壤溶液之 (a) pH 與 (b) 電導度.................................55 圖21、兩研究區A層土壤溶液陽離子組成 (a) 鉀、(b) 鈉、(c) 鈣、(d) 鎂、 (e) 鐵、 (f) 鋁、(g) 錳與 (h) 矽濃度隨時間的變化.....................................57 圖21、(續) .....................................................................................................................58 圖21、(續) .....................................................................................................................59 圖21、(續) .....................................................................................................................60 圖22、兩研究區B層底端土壤溶液陽離子組成 (a) 鉀、(b) 鈉、(c) 鈣、(d) 鎂、(e) 鐵、(f) 鋁、(g) 錳與 (h) 矽濃度隨時間的變化....................................61 圖22、(續) .....................................................................................................................62 圖22、(續) .....................................................................................................................63 圖22、(續) .....................................................................................................................64 圖23、兩研究區A層土壤溶液 (a) 氯、(b) 硝酸根、(c) 硫酸根與 (d) DOC濃度 隨時間的變化...................................................................................................66 圖23、(續) .....................................................................................................................67 圖24、兩研究區B層底端土壤溶液 (a) 氯、(b) 硝酸根、(c) 硫酸根與 (d) DOC 濃度隨時間的變化...........................................................................................68 圖24、(續) .....................................................................................................................69 圖25、(a) 弱育土與 (b) 極育土樣區中穿落水、地表逕流與A、B層土壤溶液 陰陽離子的體績加權當量濃度..................................................................71 | |
| dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
| dc.title | 福山永久樣區土壤溶液元素之組成與收支量估算 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | Soil Solution Composition and Estimation of Element Inputs and Outputs of Fushan Permanent Site | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 97-2 | |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 王敏昭(Min-Chao Wang),劉瓊霦(Chiung-Pin Liu),蔡呈奇(Cheng-Chi Tsai) | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 福山永久樣區,大氣沈降,土壤溶液化學,氮,硫, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | Fushan forest ecosystem permanent site,atmospheric deposition,soil solution chemistry,nitrogen,sulfur, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 111 | |
| dc.rights.note | 同意授權(全球公開) | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2009-07-28 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 生物資源暨農學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 農業化學研究所 | zh_TW |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 農業化學系 | |
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|---|---|---|---|
| ntu-98-1.pdf | 1.81 MB | Adobe PDF | 檢視/開啟 |
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