「敢怒敢言」一定不好嗎？以情緒作為社會訊息模式探討建言時之憤怒情緒展現對主管賞識建言的影響

Abstract

過去建言領域研究多著重於建言內容本身與賞識建言的關係，然而卻少有研究深入探討情緒在建言中扮演的角色，特別是部屬表達建言時憤怒情緒展現與主管賞識的關係。本研究以情緒作為社會訊息模式（Emotion as Social Information, EASI）（Van Kleef, 2009）為基礎，並納入組織中憤怒情緒展現之雙閾值模型（Dual Threshold Model, DTM）（Geddes & Callister, 2007）的補充，將建言中憤怒情緒展現的情境脈絡納入考量，以探討建言情境下部屬憤怒情緒展現的雙面刃效果，並釐清其何時以及如何影響主管的建言賞識程度。本研究透過事件調查法收集了臺灣企業組織中173筆主管回顧的部屬憤怒建言事例，並以Mplus路徑分析進行各項假設的檢驗。研究結果顯示，主管知覺建言重要性，會中介部屬建言時之憤怒情緒展現與主管建言賞識之間的正向關係；而主管對建言表達方式喜好度，則會中介兩者之間的負向關係。此外，在主管對部屬認知信任高，以及主管—部屬相似性低的情況下，主管知覺建言重要性對於部屬建言時之憤怒情緒展現到主管建言賞識的正向中介效果會越強。本研究的重要性，在於更全面地探討憤怒情緒展現在建言情境下的作用，以釐清其對主管建言賞識的影響，從而探討其作為建言傳達策略的雙面刃效果，為組織建言的研究脈絡帶來更加完整的面貌。

Previous research on employee voice has aimed to understand the relationship between employees’ voice and supervisors’ voice endorsement. Yet, the effect of emotional component of voice, especially how anger expression in voice impacts voice endorsement, remains unknown. Drawing on the perspective of emotion as social information (EASI) and dual threshold model, this study intends to explore the double-edged sword effect of anger expression in voice, clarifying when and how employees’ anger expression in voice affects supervisors’ voice endorsement. Using event-based survey, 173 cases of anger expression in voice recalled by supervisors from enterprises in Taiwan were collected to test various hypotheses. The results of path analysis by Mplus showed that subordinates’ anger expression in voice positively affects supervisors’ voice endorsement via the mediating effect of supervisors’ perception of voice importance, while subordinates’ anger expression in voice negatively affects supervisors’ voice endorsement via the mediating effect of supervisors’ tactic liking. Furthermore, the positive mediating effect of supervisors’ perception of voice importance was strengthened when supervisors’ cognition-based trust towards subordinates was high, and when the supervisor-subordinate similarity was low. This study contributes to voice literature by examining the role of anger expression in employee voice, exploring its double-edged sword effect on supervisors’ voice endorsement, and providing a more comprehensive perspective for voice research.