運輸毒品罪之研究

Abstract

毒品犯罪向來是我國重大刑事案件主要類型之一，相關毒品犯罪行為主要又分為製造、運輸、販賣、意圖販賣而持有、轉讓、施用、持有等，其中，運輸毒品行為與製造、販賣毒品行為共同規定在毒品危害防制條例第4條中，依犯罪行為人所涉毒品級別分別訂有不同罰則。實務案件統計顯示，我國近10年內違反毒品危害防制條例第4條的案件中，運輸毒品罪的案件僅佔總涉案人數之5% 以下；以犯罪事實而言，運輸毒品罪之行為人在整個毒品犯罪架構中，往往獲得相對於製造及販賣毒品盈利的個人或犯罪集團較少之報酬，運輸毒品犯罪者常常往往僅短暫參與搬運毒品的一環，甚至單純個人為了吸食毒品而搬運、訂購或夾帶毒品入境，因此違反刑責相當重之運輸毒品罪。 憲法原則下的罪刑相當原則及刑法上的罪責原則，乃刑法法規範不可或缺的要素，以抽象危險犯為處罰對象之運輸毒品罪，是否有在危險結果發生前，擴張刑罰保護線之必要、現行法是否解釋了刑罰和法益侵害的關聯性，以及，運輸毒品行為對法益的侵害程度是否與製造毒品及販賣毒品有異，而有訂定於不同法條之可能，均為審視現行毒品運輸罪規範之重要著眼點。 本研究藉由爬梳我國毒品危害防制條例中運輸毒品罪之相關立法沿革為基礎，並搜集、整理運輸毒品罪之重要判決，歸納運輸毒品案件常見之相似特質與法院判決，再以國際毒品相關公約與美國聯邦法規範與毒品交往行為之法案為參照，對現行運輸毒品罪之規範提出建議。

Drug crimes have always been one of the main problems in criminal cases in Taiwan, and the related crimes are categorized into manufacturing, transportation, selling, possession with the intention of selling, transfer, use, and possession, etc. Among them, the penalties of drug transportation can be found in Article 4, the Narcotics Hazard Prevention Act, along with the offences of drug manufacturing and selling. The standard penalties faced by offenders of Article 4 varies with the involved drugs. The statistics show that among the cases of Article 4 violations, those of drug transportation accounted for less than 5%. Comparing with those who manufacture and sell drugs for profit, the perpetrators of drug trafficking are mostly individuals who participate in a small part of the entire drug trafficking process. In some cases, simply carrying or ordering drugs for the purpose of personal consumption is enough to constitute the violation of drug transportation. The principle of commensurate punishment and the principle of culpability are tied to the rule of the criminal law. It is necessary to examine current drug regulations to ensure that current drug transportation law is construed and applied in the light of the above-mentioned principles and has offered ample explanation of the relation between the penalty and the infringement of legal interests (Rechtsgüter). This study will first go through the legislative history of drug transportation laws in Taiwan, sort out and organize the benchmark judgments of drug transportation cases, and end with the study of UN conventions and the United States Federal Act regarding drug trafficking with the intent to provide suggestions for current Taiwan drug transportation law.