應用於綠牆之修剪機械的設計及研究

Abstract

綠牆是一種將植物栽種於牆面的栽種方式，其垂直栽種的特性能夠在都市中利用相對較少的面積來達到綠化及降溫的效果。隨著全球都市化的程度增加，大型都市所引起的熱島效應將越來越嚴重，對於綠牆的需求量將會隨著提高。 作業人員必須在高空中移動以對綠牆進行維護，大面積的綠牆會使維護工作變得相當費時及危險。本研究目的為設計及製作能夠應用於綠牆的修剪機械，將綠牆的修剪自動化以提升高空作業的便利性及安全性。 本研究以SolidWorks電腦輔助設計軟體（CAD）進行設計，並用3D列印進行兩款原型機的製作。修剪機械的設計目標為將過長的枝葉剪斷，因此本研究以有效切割率為主要指標。原型機使用蘇格蘭軛機構來製作雙動刀往復式切割，其刀片結構參數為：刀片寬度15 mm、刀刃高度20 mm、前橋寬度0.44 mm、滑切角20°。本研究將雙動刀往復式切割的刀刃軌跡方程式推導出，並利用Desmos繪圖計算機對原型機製作切割圖，計算其有效切割率。其在固定結構參數以及切割進程為刀片高度的1.1及1.2倍時達到其最高有效切割率77.3%。在將切割行程減短至 15 mm後，整體的有效切割率降低，但以降低漏割區面積的方式提升切割率。

Green walls are a cultivation method in which plants are grown on wall surfaces, utilizing vertical planting to achieve greening and cooling effects in urban areas with relatively limited space. As global urbanization continues to increase, the heat island effect caused by large cities becomes more severe, leading to a growing demand for green walls.

Maintenance of green walls requires personnel to work at heights, making the maintenance of large-scale green walls time-consuming and dangerous. The objective of this study is to design and develop a pruning machine specifically for green walls, automating the trimming process to enhance convenience and safety in high-altitude operations.

The design was conducted using SolidWorks computer-aided design (CAD) software, and two prototype machines were produced using 3D printing. The design goal of the pruning machine is to cut excessively long branches and leaves, with the effective cutting rate serving as the primary metric. The prototype machine employs a Scotch-yoke mechanism to achieve dual-action reciprocating cutting, with blade parameters set as follows: width knife section of 15 mm, blade height of 20 mm, width of Leading end of 0.44 mm, and sliding angle of 20°. The study derives the equation for the blade's reciprocating motion and using the Desmos graphing calculator to create a cutting diagram for the prototype, calculating its effective cutting rate. The highest effective cutting rate of 77.3% was achieved when the blade height was set at 1.1 and 1.2 times the fixed structural parameters during the cutting process. By reducing the cutting stroke to 15 mm, the overall effective cutting rate decreased, but the missed cutting area reduced, resulting in an improved cutting rate.