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標題: | 論公務人員性騷擾案件相關法律適用問題分析 An Analysis of the Relevant Legal Application Issues in the Cases of Sexual Harassment by Civil Servants |
作者: | 陳柏屹 Po-Yi Chen |
指導教授: | 陳顯武 Hsien-Wu Chen |
關鍵字: | 公務人員,性騷擾,性別工作平等法,性別平等教育法,性騷擾防治法,跟蹤騷擾防制法,美國1964年民權法第七章, Civil Servants,the Sexual Harassment,Act of Gender Equality in Employment,Gender Equity Education Act,Sexual Harassment Prevention Act,Stalking and Harassment Prevention Act,Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, |
出版年 : | 2023 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 我國於公務人員間所發生的性騷擾案件,一直以來受限於紛亂難解的性騷擾防治法規體系,加以不同法律間立法目的未盡相同,又各自訂定適用對象、程序規範及排除適用範圍,往往一件案情單純的性騷擾案件,進入實質處理程序之後就變得份外的棘手與複雜,導致如今多數人一旦提到性騷擾案件,第一個映入腦海的印象便是「程序繁雜,難以處理」。實則,以現行法規體系而言,性騷擾所涉及到的問題繁多,首要須先決定應該適用性別工作平等法、性別平等教育法、性騷擾防治法或跟蹤騷擾防制法當中的哪一部法律為準據法,亦即應視性騷擾行為人之身分來決定適用之準據法。以公務人員為例,縱認於上班時間發生的性騷擾行為應依據性別工作平等法處理,惟後續仍須介接上既有的公務人員保障程序,甚至對於性騷擾行為人的懲處條款,實務上也並非直接援引性別工作平等法之規定,而係引用公務員服務法有關品位義務之規範。
有鑑於此,本文藉由探究上開與性騷擾有關的四部法律,分別探究其立法目的及比較性騷擾被害人於各該法律所能採取的救濟方式,從而歸整研析公務人員性騷擾案件之法律競合與適用等問題。本文另藉由比較美國有關聯邦政府職員的性騷擾救濟程序與聯邦法院重要判決見解,以及擇選我國公務人員涉及性騷擾之司法判決及監察院糾正案進行案例研析,最後本文歸納出在現行實務上過於注重以行為人身分來區分性騷擾案件之處理程序,課與雇主過於沉重的防治與處理義務,以及個別法律(如性騷擾防治法)本身存在的諸多問題,因此研究結果建議得從立法論的面向,重新檢視現行法規的既有體系與架構,並啟動整合修法作業,俾使我國的性騷擾案件處理程序能夠有效簡化,並且能夠以有效保障被害人的應有權益為準據,回歸聚焦於性騷擾案件的事實本身來審理是否成立性騷擾,以有效促進我國性騷擾防治的進一步深化。 The handling of the sexual harassment emerged in civil servants of Taiwan has long been constrained by a complicated and difficult-to-resolve regulatory framework on sexual harassment prevention. Different laws have varying legislative purposes, with each defining the applicable scope, procedural regulations, and exclusions. Consequently, even a simple case of sexual harassment becomes particularly challenging and complex once it enters the substantive processing stage. This has led to the prevalent perception that sexual harassment cases are "burdensome and difficult to handle." In reality , sexual harassment involves numerous issues that require the initial determination of which law below should be applied : Act of Gender Equality in Employment, Gender Equity Education Act, Sexual Harassment Prevention Act, or Stalking and Harassment Prevention Act. In other words, the applicable law must be determined based on the identity of the perpetrator of the sexual harassment. Taking civil servants as an example, although sexual harassment occurring during working hours should be handled according to Act of Gender Equality in Employment, subsequent procedures still need to be integrated with Civil Service Protection Act. Moreover, in practice, the provisions regarding the punishment of the perpetrator of sexual harassment are not directly derived from Act of Gender Equality in Employment but instead refer to the regulations concerning the duty of dignity in the Civil Service Act. This thesis explores the four laws related to sexual harassment, examining their legislative purposes and comparing the remedies available to victims of sexual harassment under each law. Through this analysis, the thesis aims to consolidate and analyze the issues of legal conflicts and applicability in cases of sexual harassment involving civil servants. Additionally, the thesis compares the sexual harassment remedies and significant court rulings regarding Federal employees in the United States. It also examines judicial decisions and corrective actions by the Control Yuan (an investigatory agency) regarding sexual harassment cases involving civil servants in Taiwan. The research identifies several issues in current practices regarding the excessive emphasis on distinguishing harassment cases based on the identity of the perpetrator, the heavy burden placed on employers in prevention and handling obligations, and the various problems inherent in individual laws (such as the Sexual Harassment Prevention Act). Therefore, the research suggests rechecking the existing legal framework and structure through legislative considerations and initiating comprehensive law reform efforts. This will effectively simplify the handling process of sexual harassment cases in Taiwan and ensure the protection of victims' rights and interests, focusing on the factual basis of sexual harassment in trials and promoting further enhancement of sexual harassment prevention and management in the country. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/88561 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202301890 |
全文授權: | 同意授權(全球公開) |
顯示於系所單位: | 國家發展研究所 |
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ntu-111-2.pdf | 3.8 MB | Adobe PDF | 檢視/開啟 |
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