台灣銀行南進東協策略之探討：以O型優勢和CAGE距離分析為例

Abstract

台灣銀行業者早期發展因台灣內部市場小但競爭者多，而發展受限。後因全球自由化浪潮、台灣進出口貿易的繁盛加上政府政策的鼓勵，逐漸將佈局海外視為解決發展困境的方法。近年為回應政策目標及國際供應鏈轉移，而將焦點轉向未來經濟前景被看好的東協市場。

本研究透過理論探討，分析台灣銀行業者可發展之O型優勢，並透過對32家台灣本土銀行的次級資料進行實證分析。以公司規模、境內獲利、全行獲利能力來衡量銀行的O型優勢大小的指標，並與其海外分支機構數與東協分支機構數代表做相關係數檢定。結果都顯示具顯著正向關係。證實O型優勢是進行海外投資的先決條件，業者應在進行國際化前參酌。

本研究亦結合OLI理論與CAGE架構，分析台灣銀行業者的地點選擇決策。並透過分析與計算東協十國與台灣的CAGE距離，證實其與東協十國的已進入的台灣銀行業者數量有顯著負相關性。整體而言，研究結果顯示CAGE距離架構可作為地點選擇決策之參考模型。

本研究透過以上發現，提出對於實務界與學術界之建議。

The limited market size and the excessive number of competitors, hampered the development of the banking sector in Taiwan. Internationalization of the banking firms, was eventually considered a solution to the development conundrum, as a result of the waves of global economic liberalization, the prosperity of Taiwan's import and export commerce, and the support of government policies. In recent years, in response to policy objectives and international supply chain shifts, the focus has shifted to the ASEAN countries, where future economic prospects seem promising.

This paper first analyzes the internationalization motivation and related O-advantages of Taiwanese banks. The study also analyzes empirical data of 32 Taiwanese local banks’firm size, domestic profit, and bank-wide profitability to measure the level of O advantage, and the number of all overseas branches, and the number of ASEAN branches were checked for correlation. The results showed a significant positive relationship. It is confirmed that O-advantage is a prerequisite for overseas investment, which the banks should consider before the internationalization process.

This paper also combines the concepts of the OLI Paradigm and CAGE framework to analyze the location selection decisions of Taiwanese banks. By analyzing and calculating the CAGE distance, between the 10 ASEAN countries and Taiwan, a significant negative correlation, between the number of Taiwanese banks that have entered the ASEAN countries, and the CAGE distance between Taiwan and the ASEAN countries was discovered. Generally, it demonstrates that location selection decisions can be based on the CAGE distance framework.

Through the above findings, this paper proposes recommendations for the practical and academic sectors.