半導體業IDM廠商轉型之市場分析與成功條件研究：以I公司為例

Abstract

2020年以來在疫情與地緣政治衝擊下，晶片需求急遽增加造成全球晶片短缺，而形成全球供應鏈斷鍊以及晶片危機，世界各國與產業深刻體認到半導體的戰略重要性：半導體是攸關商業、科技、國家安全不可或缺的關鍵資源，以及半導體技術與晶圓代工產能供需是全球國家安全與經濟民生都關注的問題。就在全球晶片荒持續延燒之際，在國際情勢除了有半導體與地緣政治，供應鏈失衡相互影響，更有疫情肆虐，戰爭，通貨膨脹等因素影響國際貿易，此外美中貿易戰線擴大至科技產業，一路到半導體產業，此時晶圓代工產能供需便成為關鍵的戰略物資與防禦堡壘。 台灣是全球半導體的樞紐，根據2022年美國半導體協會的研究資料：「如果發生台灣受影響導致一整年無法生產晶片的情況，那麼全球電子業營收預期將減少近五千億美元。」直指台灣供應鏈對世界的影響，本研究從台灣的供應鏈去觀察全球的脈動，包含本研究中用到的半導體產業分析的PEST分析理論、半導體產業的五力分析理論從政治環境、科技趨勢、產業成長去了解產業水平橫向的競爭影響。 個案公司是全球最有影響力的半導體企業之一，從IDM垂直整合元件製造公司重返代工行業，本研究從C-SOP企業轉型架構理論個案公司的轉型策略垂直及。深入企業策略布局，文化形塑、組織協同到興業領導是否具有競爭力，其轉型過程可以作為半導體產業方展的參考指標，協助國內外廠商建立轉型策略參考，提升快速反應的國際競爭力，以維持現代IDM轉型到代工產業企業競爭之持續性競爭優勢；以希望能對學術研究有所助益。

Since 2020, under the impact of the Covid-19 epidemic and geopolitics, the demand for chips has increased sharply, resulting in a global shortage of chips, which has formed a global supply chain exercise and a chip crisis. Countries and industries around the world have deeply realized the strategic importance of semiconductors: semiconductors are crucial to business, Technology, key resources that are indispensable to national security, and the supply and demand of semiconductor technology and wafer foundry capacity are issues of concern to global national security and economic livelihood. As the global chip shortage continues to burn, in the international situation, in addition to semiconductors and geopolitics, supply chain imbalances affect each other, there are also factors such as epidemics, wars, and inflation affecting international trade. In addition, the US-China trade front has expanded to the technology industry , all the way to the semiconductor industry, at this time the supply and demand of wafer foundry production capacity has become a key strategic material and defense bastion. Taiwan is the hub of global semiconductors. According to the research data of the American Semiconductor Association in 2022: "If Taiwan is affected and cannot produce chips for a whole year, the global electronics industry revenue is expected to decrease by nearly 500 billion U.S. dollars." Straight Refers to the impact of Taiwan’s supply chain on the world. This study observes the global pulse from Taiwan’s supply chain, including the PEST analysis theory used in this study for the analysis of the semiconductor industry, and the five forces analysis theory of the semiconductor industry from the perspective of political environment and technological trends. , Industrial growth to understand the impact of horizontal competition on the industry level.

The case company I has been one of the most influential semiconductor companies in the world. It has returned to the foundry service industry from it’s original role play as an IDM - integrated component manufacturing company. This study focuses on the transformation strategy of the case company from the perspective of C-SOP enterprise transformation architecture theory. In-depth corporate strategy layout, cultural shaping, organizational coordination, and whether industrial leaders are competitive. The transformation process can be used as a reference indicator for the development of the semiconductor industry, assisting domestic and foreign manufacturers to establish a transformation strategy reference, and enhance the international competitiveness of rapid response. Maintain the sustainable competitive advantage of modern IDM transformation to the competition of foundry industry enterprises; hope to be helpful to academic research.