生物質粒徑與酵素水解之關係及應用

Abstract

森林及其纖維素原料，被視為前瞻性的環保資源。纖維素除了是自然界中分佈最廣且含量最豐富的多醣外，受益於纖維素的可再生性、良好的生物降解性和生物相容性高等優點，還逐漸被開發成為各式材料，如生質酒精或塗料、薄膜、包裝材料等。本研究用微觀的角度，探討在生產生質酒精中的一個重要製程環節：酵素水解。期待能夠藉由調整木質纖維素生物質的物理或是化學性質，來影響生質酒精的製造成本，並且衍生其他應用。實驗各式生物質具有的不同粒徑區間、前處理和化學組成成分的差異，是否對纖維素轉變成葡萄糖的效率有所影響；也進而探討該生物質粒徑尺寸及粒徑分布的變化。最後，將不同生物質材料水解前後的纖維，製成塗膜，探究水蒸氣穿透、氣體穿透和乙烯穿透性質，模擬其作為水果包材能否延緩果實成熟。其中特別使用先驅於臺灣纖維素研究的雷射繞射儀，藉由影像辨識及物理光學相互搭配調整參數，獲得更為精確的奈米及微米等級粒徑尺寸分布數據。研究結果顯示，經由篩分後的各種生物質，粒徑區間越小，水解效果皆較為突出；而在粒徑尺寸分布和變化來看，木質素形成的纖維架構影響頗大，造成木質素含量不同的生物質改變整體纖維粒徑範圍的趨勢迥異；而比表面積、分子量和結晶度或許也是酵素水解效果好壞的原因。經由木質纖維素生物質纖維塗佈後的包材，各種氣體穿透性質皆有改善，推測纖維粒徑的尺寸大小和分布有其關聯性。本研究指出木質纖維素生物質的纖維粒徑尺寸大小及分佈，用於改善酵素水解效率或是纖維素材料的實際應用，都具有發展潛力。

Forests and their cellulose raw materials are considered forward-looking and environmentally friendly resources. In addition to being the most widely distributed and abundant polysaccharide in nature, cellulose has been gradually developed into various materials, such as bioethanol or various coatings, films, and packaging materials. These materials benefit from cellulose’s renewability, good biodegradability, and high biocompatibility. In this study, cellulase hydrolysis, a vital process connected to biomass alcohol production, is examined from a microscopic perspective. It is expected that adjusting the physical or chemical properties of lignocellulosic biomass can affect the production cost of bio-ethanol and derive other applications. Experiments are conducted to determine whether the different particle size ranges, pretreatments, and chemical composition of various biomass impact the efficiency of converting cellulose into glucose and then explore the changes in the particle size and particle size distribution of the biomass. Finally, the fibers before and after the hydrolysis of different biomass materials are made into a coating film to explore the water vapor transmission rate, air permeability, and ethylene permeability and simulate whether it can delay fruit ripening as a packaging material. In particular, the laser diffraction particle size analyzer pioneered in Taiwan's cellulose research is used to adjust parameters through image recognition and physical optics to obtain more accurate nanometer and micron-level particle size distribution data. The research results show that the smaller the particle size range of the various biomass after sieving, the more prominent the hydrolysis effect; In terms of particle size distribution and changes, the fiber structure formed by lignin has a significant influence, resulting in different trends in changing the overall fiber particle size range of biomass with different lignin contents. The specific surface area, molecular weight, and crystallinity may also be the reasons for enzyme hydrolysis's good or bad effects. The coating film packaging materials coated with lignocellulosic biomass fibers have improved various gas permeability properties, and it is speculated that the size and distribution of fiber particle sizes are related. It is speculated that the particle size and distribution are related. This study demonstrates that the fiber particle size and distribution of lignocellulosic biomass have the potential to improve the efficiency of enzyme hydrolysis or the practical application of cellulosic materials.