台灣碳纖維產業發展之研究

Abstract

二十一世紀是複合材料的世紀，碳纖維為複合材料的首選原材料之一，其應用廣泛、需求不斷增漲且未來之發展前景看好。目前碳纖維複合材料已經廣泛使用在航空器、風力發電渦輪葉片、運動用品當中，另外像是汽車、造船、工業模具、滾輪等等工業上的用途也逐漸廣泛且技術日趨成熟，使碳纖維的需求步向正面穩定的高成長趨勢，供給面也將同步攜手邁進，因此碳纖維與碳纖維複合材料產業的前景與未來是相當令人期待的。 全球PAN基碳纖維主要製造商包括Toray、Toho、Mitsubishi、Formosa Plastics、Hexcel、Cytec、Zoltek與SGL等八家企業，小絲束碳纖維之生產基本上已被日本Toray、Toho、Mitsubishi與台灣Formosa Plastics碳纖維生產製造商所掌握，而大絲束碳纖維之生產主要集中在美國Zoltek與歐洲SGL碳纖維生產製造商。 國內僅台塑企業之台麗朗事業部生產製造碳纖維，台塑企業自1983年起開始投入碳纖維領域中，並於1987至2008年間進行擴產，投入近百億之資金，直至2008年止台塑的碳纖維產能已增加到6,150噸/年，為全球第四大的碳纖維製造廠商，且在亞洲排名第二，僅次於日本。 本研究以五力分析與鑽石模型探討我國碳纖維產業之優勢、劣勢及面臨之機會與威脅，其結論為：台灣發展碳纖維產業必須善利用國內豐富的人力資源與碳纖維自有技術研發能力之優勢儘快研發出高性能等級碳纖維之生產技術能力，並憑藉大規模生產製造能力與一貫化生產體系之經營模式來取得碳纖維生產成本優勢。此外，國內碳纖維產業業者可以利用碳纖維自有技術生產能力與產能規模優勢來快速進入並掌握節能趨勢所帶動的輕量化飛機、汽車、高壓氣體儲槽或綠色替代能源所帶動的風力發電…等市場的發展機會。 另外，本研究針對全球碳纖維產業整體的發展概況與我國碳纖維產業所面臨的SWOT，分別對我國碳纖維製造商、政府、相關產業給予以下建議：一、碳纖維製造商應儘快開發並生產大絲束碳纖維以因應一般工業領域對碳纖維的快速需求、可朝向台灣專長且揚名國際之產業領域來開發新的碳纖維市場、掌握節能趨勢所帶動的風力發電渦輪葉片及汽車兩個碳纖維市場契機。二、政府可提供碳纖維產業融資優惠方案，協助產業發展並設立專案計畫輔導、補助碳纖維技術研發或成立產學合作計畫以鼓勵創新研發。三、紡織產業上、中游段之企業可以憑藉本業製程的能力與優勢來評估投入碳纖維生產之可行性。四、汽車、醫療、土木建築、能源、電子工業等領域相關業者應把握碳纖維產品的發展契機，積極研發高附加價值的碳纖維製品，以迎合快速興起的市場需求。

The 21st century is the compound materials century. Carbon fiber is the first choice of the compound materials, and its application is widespread, the demand is unceasing growth, the future prospects for development will be very well. At present the carbon fiber compound materials are already widely used in aircraft, wind turbine blade, sports equipment, moreover is likely in automobile, shipbuilding, industry mold, roller and so on industry, and the technology is day by day mature. The demand of carbon fiber step to frontage stable high growth tendency, the supplies also hand in hand to make great strides forward the synchronization, therefore the carbon fiber and the carbon fiber compound materials industry's prospect in the future will be quite makes one anticipate. The main manufacturers of global PAN-based carbon fiber, including Toray, Toho, Mitsubishi, Formosa Plastics, Hexcel, Cytec, Zoltek and SGL. The production of small tow carbon fiber basically already grasp by Japanese Toray, Toho, Mitsubishi and Taiwanese Formosa Plastics enterprise, and the production of large tow carbon fiber are mainly to concentrate in American Zoltek and the European SGL enterprise. TAIRYLANG business division of Formosa Plastics is the only one carbon fiber manufacturer in Taiwan. Formosa Plastics started from 1983 to invest in the carbon fiber domain, and from 1987 to 2008 carried on expands production capacity, the investment nearly 10 billions. The production capacity of carbon fiber in Formosa Plastics is increases to 6,150 tons/year in 2008, and Formosa Plastics is the global fourth carbon fiber manufacture, and places in Asia second, is only inferior to Japan. This research is based on the methodologies of Five Forces Analysis, Diamond Theory, as well as SWOT Analysis. The conclusions of this research are as follows: Taiwan develop carbon fiber industry should use domestic rich human resources and superiority of the carbon fiber innate R&D ability to research and develop high performance carbon fiber technology as soon as possible. Than should rely on the large-scale production capacity and the consistent production system to get cost advantage. In addition, the domestic carbon fiber manufacturers may use innate technology productivity and the scale superiority to enter and to grasp the market development opportunities of the lightweight airplane, the automobile, the pressure vessel or the wind power blade…and so on. Moreover, based on SWOT analysis of this research that some suggestions are proposed as follows: 1. The carbon fiber manufacturer should develop and produce large tow carbon fiber as soon as possible, so as to face expansion of demand in industrial field. And should develop new carbon fiber market which Taiwan well known and specialty fields, grasp the opportunities of wind turbine blade and automobile carbon fiber market which energy saving tendency leads. 2. The government can provide the financing preferential project to carbon fiber industry to assist industry development, and establish carbon fiber technology development program, industry-university cooperative research project to encourage innovation and R&D of carbon fiber. 3.The upstream and midstream enterprises of the textile industry may rely on their own ability of produce process to appraise the feasibility of the investment carbon fiber production. 4.Enterprises of automobile, medical service, civil construction, energy and electronics industry should grasp the development opportunities of carbon fiber product, and actively research the high add-valued carbon fiber product to catch up with raised demand.