自然解說與都市公園生態化建構 —以富陽自然生態公園與大安森林公園為例

Abstract

臺北市自然生態公園的發展源自2017年開始，市政府試圖重塑現有的「都市公園」來達到每個行政區都有生態公園的理想。「自然生態公園」的概念除了是呼應永續發展趨勢，也與過去荒野保護協會「公園生態化」的倡議行動有關，荒野保護協會期望透過生態池的整建及推動立法，讓公園不再僅是市民日常遊憩的空間，同時也是生物棲地。 除此之外，自然生態公園的實踐與螢火蟲棲地復育有關。臺北市政府與大安森林公園之友基金會及荒野保護協會合作，以舉辦2017年國際螢火蟲年會為契機，分別於榮星花園公園、木柵公園及大安森林公園復育螢火蟲棲地來達到自然生態公園的理想。在不同行動者的參與及合作下，自然生態公園的實踐也是對都市發展、永續發展及生態保育等課題的回應。 本文希望透過都市政治生態學及環境論述兩大理論取徑，回顧富陽自然生態公園及大安森林公園的歷史發展，從公園建構理解行動者間的權力關係，進而理解臺北市都市治理轉向。 再者，基於永續發展概念對於環境教育的關注，使自然生態公園被賦予都市環境教育之功用。本研究將以參與式觀察及訪談方式梳理荒野保護協會的自然解說，以理解生態保育於都市環境的實踐及當代社會對「生態」的定義。

The development of ecological parks in Taipei began in 2017. The city government aimed to popularize ecological parks by reconstructing the “urban parks” in each district. The concept of "ecological park" not only promoted sustainable development, but also related to the Society of Wilderness (SOW) campaign in the past. The Society of Wilderness had improved the park environment by renovating pools and promoting legislation to make the parks serve as both recreational spaces for citizens and habitats for species. In addition, the practice of the ecological parks is related to the restoration of Luciola ficta habitats. During the 2017 International Firefly Symposium, the Taipei city government, in cooperation with the Friends of Daan Forest Park Foundation and the Society of Wilderness, took the opportunity to restore habitats in Rongxing Garden Park, Mu Jha Park and Daan Forest Park to achieve the ideal of ecological parks. With the participation and cooperation of different actors, the practice of ecological parks responds to issues such as urban development, sustainable development, and ecological conservation. This article uses the theories of urban political ecology and environmental discourse to review the historical development of Fuyang Eco Park and Daan Forest Park, to understand the power relationships among actors, and the transformation of urban governance in Taipei city. Furthermore, with sustainable development, the ecological parks are regarded as important spaces for environmental education. This article uses participatory observation and interviews to explore the nature interpretation of the Society of Wilderness to understand how ecological conservation is practiced in the urban environment and how "ecology" is defined in contemporary society.