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Title: | 中國大陸公務員法制之研究 Study of the Legal System of Civil Servants in Mainland China |
Authors: | 陳鈺鏵 CHAN IOK WA |
Advisor: | 黃錦堂 Giin-Tarng Hwang |
Keyword: | 《中華人民共和國憲法》,《中華人民共和國公務員法》,公務員法制,黨管幹部原則,公務員義務,共產黨指導思想,特別權力關係,錄用制度,交流與迴避制度,級類劃分制度,工資制度,退休撫卹制度, Constitution of the People's Republic of China,Law of the People's Republic of China on Civil Servants,legal system of civil servants in Mainland China,principle of CCP’s cadre management,obligations of civil servants,ideology of CCP,besonderes gewaltverhältnis,recruitment system,exchange and recusal system,classification system,remuneration system,retirement system, |
Publication Year : | 2023 |
Degree: | 碩士 |
Abstract: | 此論文為針對中國大陸公務員法制的整體性與一般性研究。
公務員法制發展歷程及「公務員」定義與範圍一章,是暸解政治因素和時空背景是如何影響公務員制度建立,進而探討中國大陸「公務員」的定義與範圍。 公務員之考選與任用:錄用、交流與迴避制度一章,集中討論公務員如何進入公部門人力資源系統,以及在系統流動的方式。以「德才兼備」作為指導性思想,錄用制度與選調生制度為人才流入國家機關引進人才提供了保障;在公部門人力資源調配方面,交流制度則是保障了公部門人力資源的合理分配。而錄用與交流程序均會涉及到公務員之迴避問題,以保證公務員在公平公正的情況下履行其職責,故將列入迴避制度本章討論。 公務員之分等:級類劃分制度一章,則是著重強調劃分制度是如何解決幹部制的單一模式所遺留的問題,透過職務、級別、職位與職務劃分制度的形成緣由、演變過程及執行細則,從而暸解劃分制度是如何因應管理需求而衍生出來。 公務員之行為標準是由公務員義務、國家與公務員間的特別權力關係所構成。在中國大陸,黨管幹部原則不僅對公務員有義務約束,亦是黨政統治合法化的機制之一。通過探討在最高領導人和國家政經體制的更迭過程中,黨管幹部政策是如何隨之而變,從而暸解擁護共產黨及其指導思想是如何成為報考與入職公務員者的義務,以及具體作為為何。本章的第二部份是以曾在德、日、臺所盛行的特別權力關係學說,去探討公務員與政府間的關係。雖特別權力關係學說在中國大陸並不盛行,但正因為中國大陸政府對公務員的思想與行為具高度要求,因此欲以該學說探究在中國大陸公務員體制中,存在哪些在某程度上實踐了特別權力關係學說的限制措施。 公務員的工資制度與退休撫卹制度由為重要,公務員肩負維持國家機關運作的重責大任,也是國家重要的資源。因此,對於維繫公務員的生活水平和晚年生活國家更是責無旁貸。此兩制亦表現出文官永業的特點。 工資制度一章,首先將其發展史劃分為不同時期,暸解其如何隨著社政經因素演變,進而引入到工資結構及其構成原則的分析。本章亦會討論到政府是如何善用工資制度作為吸引人才流入公部門的誘因。 退休及撫卹制度一章,先以憲法對退休制度的規定及其演變歷程,暸解退休制度是如何形成的。通過理解國家對退休制度的約束(退休與撫卹條件),以及就養老和撫卹所提供的待遇,從而暸解退休及撫卹制度是如何在國家的監管下運作,以甚麼方式為公務員及其家眷提供生活保障。 This is a general study of the civil servants system in Mainland China. Through the chapter of the development of civil servants system, it is able to understand how political factors and historical context influenced the establishment of the civil servant system, and also ascertain the definition and scope of ‘civil servant’ in Mainland China. The chapter of selecting civil servants focuses on the system of civil servants’ recruitment, exchange and recusal. The core principles of meritocracy ensure all the civil servants, who entering the public sector though recruitment, possessing both the ability and the political integrity. Also, the exchange and recusal system are associated with the personnel deployment, hence they are important for the recruitment system of civil servants. The modern classification system of civil servants solved the problem of redundant personnel, which caused by the cadre system. Understanding how the classification system being derived in response to management needs through duties, grades, positions, and responsibilities, is the crux of the chapter of the classification system of civil servants. The behavioral standards of civil servants are constituted by the obligations and the special authority relationship(‘besonderes gewaltverhältnis’) between government and civil servants. In Mainland China, the principle of CCP’s cadre management not only binds civil servants to their obligations, but also serves as a regulatory regime of CCP. By exploring how the cadre management policy changed, it is possible to understand why endorsing the CCP and its socio-political theory became civil servants’ obligation. Although the theory of ‘besonderes gewaltverhältnis’ is not prevalent in Mainland China, this theory is suitable for discussing about the stringent requirements in the civil servants system. Civil servants are prominent human resources as they supporting the operation of government agencies. Therefore, the government are responsible for maintaining their living standard through the systems of remuneration and retirement. Understanding the evolution, relevant laws, constitutive principles and the structure of the systems of remuneration and retirement are the core issues of these two chapters. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/87207 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202300315 |
Fulltext Rights: | 未授權 |
Appears in Collections: | 公共事務研究所 |
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ntu-111-1.pdf Restricted Access | 2.79 MB | Adobe PDF |
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