摹擬與再製：《金瓶梅詞話》之重寫與重複論析

Abstract

摘要： 本文以重新探索明代小說《金瓶梅詞話》的世情書寫為目的，暫且擱置學界對於這部小說的類型定位、眾說紛紜的世情理論，回頭從《金瓶梅詞話》的文本脈絡上，以小說對創作素材的運用為出發點，並以小說的結構、創作技法為研究重心，由此探尋作者的寫作意圖，進之，指出小說極為關注個體在各種社會關係形成的複雜網絡之中的存在情狀。龐大的社會集體力量對個體行動與命運的制約，正是《金瓶梅詞話》的世情書寫面向所在。 作為一部文備眾體的奇書體小說，《金瓶梅詞話》取材可謂繁廣多元。在其文本性素材方面，除了已有許多討論的《水滸傳》，話本小說也是其主要的敘事性素材來源之一，本文即是以《金瓶梅詞話》對話本小說的重寫入手，進之考察作者如何於重寫之餘，在新的情節與人物的構撰中，持續並重複地運用相關素材的元素，從自身的敘事上對之進行意涵的再造。由是，本文首先論述《金瓶梅詞話》在敘事的開端對一篇話本小說素材的改造、擴充，從而為全書的敘事方向定調。然而，重寫不只發生在小說開頭，《金瓶梅詞話》採用的話本小說素材亦非僅一種，因此本研究接下來分析作者對其他數種話本小說的重寫情況，進而探究其重複書寫的筆法，如何解構並重新解釋了素材中核心敘事元素的固定意涵，最後總結出重寫與重複書寫的意義所在。 總而言之，本文希冀透過考察《金瓶梅詞話》對文本性素材——話本小說的重寫過程，以及在重寫素材的基礎上進行的重複書寫，藉此提出另一種詮解《金瓶梅詞話》世情性的新視角。

Abstract: This dissertation aims to re-examine the “shih-ching” (realistic) features of the writing of the Ming dynasty’s novel Jin Ping Mei Ci Hua, by suspending the discussions about the literary genre and realism theories related to this novel tentatively, focusing on the texts of Jin Ping Mei Ci Hua, analyzing how it utilizes certain textual materials as well as studying its structure and writing techniques. Thus, this research tries to trace the writing intentions of the author, proposing that this novel concerns the existence of human beings in a complex social network consisting of various social relations. The huge collective power of society imposed on every action and fate of individuals has become the centre of the realism of Jin Ping Mei Ci Hua. As a piece of work containing various elements within the four masterworks of Ming novels, the textual materials Jin Ping Mei Ci Hua combines include many different types. Other than the Outlaws of the March (Shui Hu Chuan) which has been discussed often by many scholars, colloquial short stories (hua-pen xiao shuo) are also one of the main story materials used by the author. This dissertation started with the rewriting of Jin Ping Mei Ci Hua towards certain colloquial short stories, along with the ways the author repeated the use of a few elements from those materials as ideas in other written parts of this work, reforming the meanings of them with his own creativity. First, the rewriting of a colloquial short story at the beginning of Jin Ping Mei Ci Hua, which sets the tone for the rest of the novel's narration will be examined. However, rewriting does not only happen at the beginning of the book; furthermore, there is more than a colloquial short story contains in Jin Ping Mei Ci Hua. Therefore, the following parts of this dissertation look further into the rewriting of other colloquial short stories and, subsequently, the use of repeating techniques within the novel, to know the re-constructions and re-interpretations of the particular elements from those stories. Finally, the significance of rewriting and repeating is concluded. As a summary, this dissertation looks forward to finding a new perspective of learning about the specific meanings of realism in the writing of Jin Ping Mei Ci Hua, through the analysis of the textual materials which refer in particular to colloquial short stories that were copied and modified in the novel, as well as the techniques of repetition based on the rewriting of those stories.