低收福利身分取消後之生活狀況與因應經驗 —從社會排除多面向觀點

Abstract

在過往的研究中對於低收入戶在社會救助福利之經驗已有相當豐碩的討論，而在福利身分取消之後，往往自動被視為脫離貧窮而能夠自立，然而從過往相對稀少的研究窺見多數低收入戶並非因著經濟改善而離開福利，也因此沒有了低收福利身分可能不代表能夠脫離貧窮。本研究主要以社會排除的多面向觀點切入，探討低收入戶在福利身分取消之後，所受到的經濟衝擊以及生活中其他面向的影響，以及如何去因應所遇到的困難。研究方法上採用立意取樣的方式，以質性深度訪談七位曾經有過低收入福利身分，而現今已無社會救助福利身分者，了解其進出福利的原因，以及以社會排除概念中的多面向架構，探討因著福利取消對於其生活多面向的影響與如何因應的經驗。研究結果發現，研究參與者多因非自願性的原因離開低收福利，在福利身分取消之後導致經濟的衝擊，繼而在生活的居住、健康、人際關係、社會參與、休閒娛樂等面向產生影響。從而得出研究結論：因著福利身分取消而致生活多面向的限制、在受限的環境下激發個別生存之道、褪去福利身分之後仍然步履艱辛，以及福利的離開存在著社會排除亦存在融入。而依據上述研究結果，提出研究建議包含：應審視社會救助之政策執行與目的合宜性、協助福利身分取消做準備，建立後續追蹤機制、給予多面向的支持，盡可能減少社會排除的發生，以促進融入於社會之中。

In the past research, there has been considerable discussion on the experience of low-income households in social assistance subsidies, and after the cancellation of welfare status, they are often considered to be out of poverty and become self-reliant. From the relatively sparse research in the past, it found that the low-income households did not leave welfare because of economic improvement, so the absence of low-income welfare status may not mean that they can escape poverty. From the multifaceted perspective of social exclusion, this study explores the economic shocks and other aspects of life that low-income households face after the cancellation of their welfare status, and how to cope with the difficulties they encounter. The research method adopts the method of Purposive Sampling and conducts qualitative in-depth interviews with seven people who used to have low-income welfare status, but now have no social assistance welfare status. To understand the reasons for their entry and exit of welfare, and the multi-faceted structure of the concept of social exclusion, and to discuss the impact of welfare cancellation on various aspects of their lives and how to deal with them. The results of the study found that most of the study participants left low-income welfare for involuntary reasons, which caused economic shocks after the cancellation of welfare status, and then had an impact on living, health, interpersonal relationships, social participation, leisure and entertainment and other aspects of life. This leads to the conclusion of the study: the restriction of many aspects of life due to the cancellation of welfare status, the stimulation of individual ways of survival in a restricted environment, the difficulty of footsteps after the removal of welfare status, and the social exclusion and integration of welfare leaving. Based on the above research results, research recommendations are put forward including: reviewing the appropriateness of the policy implementation and purpose of social assistance, assisting in preparations for the cancellation of welfare status, establishing a follow-up tracking mechanism, providing multi-faceted support, and reducing the occurrence of social exclusion as much as possible to promote integration into society.