吉藏對成實思想的批判

Abstract

吉藏（549-623）是中國三論宗的集大成者。其著作不僅闡述自家思想，亦含有對其他佛教學派的批判，特別是曾經興盛於南朝的《成實論》與成實師的思想（本文統稱為「成實思想」）。本文主旨即在探究「吉藏對成實思想的批判」：透過考察文獻，掌握吉藏批判成實思想的原則、方法，追探其批判成實思想的原因與具體內容，從而建構出「吉藏對成實思想的批判」體系。此或有助於瞭解自南北朝至隋朝之際，中國佛教思想的發展與轉變。 本文共分六章。第一章為「緒論」，闡述研究目的、進行文獻回顧並說明所運用的研究方法。第二章為「成實思想與三論思想的時代背景」，旨在敘說南朝的佛教義學、《成實論》的流傳與成實師的競起，以及三論宗的重要思想。第三章為「《成實論》與成實師的主要思想」，透過文獻的解讀，論述《成實論》的二諦與中道、三心與三空、五聚與四諦等義理，以及成實師的二諦觀點、佛性觀點與判教觀點。第四章為「吉藏批判成實思想的原則與方法」，從吉藏的相關著作，歸納出其批判的原則與方法。「原則」包含「無自性原則」與「中道原則」；「方法」包含歸謬式的「就緣破」與辯證式的「成假中」。第五章為「吉藏對成實思想的批判」，探討吉藏批判成實思想的原因，並具體論證吉藏對成實思想的二諦、空觀、判教與佛性觀的批判。第六章為「結論」，總結本文研究成果，證成吉藏對成實思想的批判，以及陳述研究侷限與未來展望。

Ji-zang(吉藏, 549-623) is the great master of San-lun-school. He not only elaborated his own thought, but also criticized other Buddhist schools. The though of Satyasiddhi-śāstra(成實論, Cheng-shi-lun) and Cheng-shi masters(成實師), which was popular in Southern dynasties(南朝), was especially criticized by him. This thesis’s main idea is inquiries about Ji-zang’s criticism of Satyasiddhi thought. By exploring documents about Ji-zang and realizing principles, methods, reasons, and specific contents of Ji-zang’s criticism of Satyasiddhi, This thesis constructed a system of Ji-zang’s criticism of Satyasiddhi thought. This may be helpful to understand Chinese Buddhism’s development and changes during the age of Northen dynasties(北朝), Southern dynasties and Sui dynasty(隋朝). This thesis was divided to six chapters. Chapter one was “introduction”. It elaborated The purpose of this study, literature review, and researh methods. Chapter two was “the historical background of Satyasiddhi thought and San-lun thought”. It introduced Buddhism’s development in Southern dynasties in brief. The spread of Satyasiddhi-śāstra, the development of Cheng-shi master, and the main though of San-lun-school were emphasised. Chapter three was “the main though of Satyasiddhi-śāstra and Cheng-shi masters”. By interpreting documents, it explained Satyasiddhi-śāstra’s two truths, middle way, three heart, three emptiness(śūnyatā), five chapter and four noble truths. Also, it explained Cheng-shi masters’ views of two truths, buddha nature, and pan-jiao(判教). Chapter four was “the principles and methods of Ji-zang’s criticism of Satyasiddhi thought”. It concluded principles and methods from Ji-zang’s criticism of Satyasiddhi thought. On the one hand there were “principle of niḥsvabhāva” and “principle of middle way”, on the other hand there were “jiu yuan po(就緣破)” which was like reductio ad absurdum and “cheng jia zhong(成假中)” which was like dialectics. Chapter five was “Ji-zang’s criticism of Satyasiddhi thought”. It inquiried the reasons why Ji-zang criticized Satyasiddhi thought and pointed out Ji-zang’s criticism of Satyasiddhi thought‘s views of two truths, empty(śūnya), buddha nature, and pan-jiao. Chapter six was “conclusion”. It sumed up the findings of this research, explained the system of Ji-zang’s criticism of Satyasiddhi thought, and talked about limitations of the study and recommendations for future research.