中共黨和國家領導人對臺論述的語藝批評

Abstract

中共領導人對臺論述深深地影響了兩岸關係的發展，也是中國研究的重要變數。政治學界在經過改造運動(perestroika)的洗禮之後，重拾了對於文本脈絡化的學術探索，而本研究以中共黨和國家領導人的對臺論述作為分析文本，試圖從根本性的「認同」問題，回答中共是如何建構兩岸「統一認同」價值觀的作為，以及其對臺政策之延續與變遷。 本研究運用文字探勘的方法，將蒐集到的中共黨和國家領導人對臺論述文本以主題模型進行分析，擬由文本大數據的方式重新梳理兩岸關係，折射出兩岸關係的發展動態與語藝變遷。特別的是，本研究聚焦在中共透過語藝說服臺灣，與建立認同的軟性論述，從而運用了 Burke 提出的三個語藝觀點，即是「疏離及分離」、「實質共享」與「終點視界」觀點。在一方面，發現中共運用語藝觀點的三大波段，分別為以「疏離及分離」觀點為主的第一波(1972 年至 1989 年)，以「實質共享」為主的第二波(2008 年至 2013 年)，及逐步增長「終點視界」觀點的第三波(2016 年至今)，強化了民族主義與意識型態的宣傳成分。另一方面，領導人對臺論述所側重的語藝觀點有別，與個人的意識形態、領袖特質，以及所處的國內政經情勢、國際結構、臺灣政情發展有密切關係。毛、鄧時期是以「疏離及分離」觀點為主，江澤民時期開始轉為使用「實質共享」為主的觀點，並逐漸提高「終點視界」觀點的運用，直至習近平任內提出了所謂的「中國夢」論述，並將對臺政策置於所稱之「民族復興」的大棋局中，實為界定兩岸關係話語的「終點視界」觀點。

As the CCP leaders' discourse on Taiwan Policy has profoundly affected the development of cross-strait relations, it also turns out as an important variable in China studies. After the perestroika, the political science community has reemphasized the context of the text. Examining the CCP leaders' discourses on Taiwan Policy, this thesis endeavors to answer how the CCP constructs the values of 'unified identity' that influence the CCP's Taiwan policy. This thesis concentrates on the topic model of text-mining to analyze the CCP leader’s discourses on Taiwan policy.With the big data technology, the study aims to explore the changes in rhetoric that reflect the dynamic cross-strait relationship. In particular, this study will draw Burke’s three rhetoric perspectives –“alienation and separation,” “consubstantiality,” and “terministic screen”– to analyze the CCP’s soft discourse of persuasion. Such focus helps to indicate the three major waves of three leaders’ rhetoric deployment: the first wave (1972-1989) is dominated by “alienation and separation,” the second wave (2008-2013) by “consubstantiality,” and the third wave (2016-present) by “terministic screen.” strengthening the propa- ganda component of nationalism and ideology. On the other hand, the leaders' dis- course on the rhetoric of Taiwan policy are different, which are closely related to the personal ideology, leadership characteristics, as well as the domestic political and eco- nomic situation, the international structure, and the development of Taiwan's political situation. Specifically, the Mao and Deng eras were shaped by the view of “alienation and separation,” and the Jiang Zemin era began to use the idea of “consubstantiality,” and gradually shifted toward the “terministic screen.” And as Xi Jinping raised the view of the 'Chinese Dream' and put Taiwan policy in the framework of “national rejuvenation,” the “terministic screen” perspective prevails in the discourse on cross-strait relations.