愛慾與家園：《在遼闊的世界之岸》、《山羊，或誰是希薇亞？》與《建築師》中的存在辯證

Abstract

存在主義作為探究何謂真我、提倡個人對自我生命之承擔與創造的哲學，其論述多從個人的層次出發，探討人的選擇與其存在的關聯、做出選擇的背景與條件等。他者的存在對個人決斷的影響在此理論架構中雖獲得重視，然具體而言個人如何與他者有所牽連並因此改變其存在狀態，則有待進一步的討論。本文以存在主義的視角分析《在遼闊的世界之岸》、《山羊，或誰是希薇亞？》與《建築師》三部劇作中諸角色對理想愛慾與家園的追尋，試圖從個人與他者建立的愛慾關係與共同家園兩個方向回應上述問題。透過文本與理論的交織，本研究呈現人們各自追求其本真性（authenticity）的過程裡彼此產生的矛盾，以及除卻此兩難處境的主體間合作的困難，說明愛慾作為相互主體性的產物、家園作為自我與他者在其中和諧共處的所在，基於人在時間中不斷往未來籌劃自身的存在論特徵，總是不斷變動而充滿未知。在存在主義者的生存倫理下，個人的本真存在如何通過與他者的關係得到開顯，永遠沒有確定的答案，有的只是無盡的選擇與持續的辯證。

As the philosophy of exploring the meaning of true self and encouraging people to bear the burdens of their lives and create themselves, Existentialism often sets up from a personal perspective, trying to clarify the connections of the existence of humans and their choices, the freedom and situation of human beings, etc. The influence of others to personal decisiveness is acknowledged in existential thinking, although how people are related to each other, and how they change their existence accordingly, are still unclear. This thesis aims to answer the questions above through examining the characteristics of the eros and home one have with the other by analyzing the pursuit of the ideal eros and home of the characters in On the Shore of the Wide World, The Goat, or Who Is Sylvia? and The Architect from an existential perspective. This research demonstrates the conflicts among individuals when they are trying to realize their own authenticity and the difficulty of intersubjective solidarity to illustrate eros as the product of intersubjectivity and home as the place where people live in harmony with one another, are always changing and full of uncertainties because of the existential characteristic of humans constantly projecting themselves towards the future. Under the ethics of the existentialists, there is no concrete answer about how to realize the authentic selves of the people in relationships with others; all we have is endless choices and unceasing dialectic.