密級配瀝青混凝土鋪面空隙率與熱行為之可測性分析

Abstract

瀝青鋪面壓實度為路面耐久性重要指標，倘若施工過程壓實效果不佳，長期使用將易致使鋪面開裂、坑洞、車轍等損害，因此，完善的路面查核機制，將降低民眾用路安全疑慮。然而，現行壓實度查核制度採破壞式檢測，將現地取得之鑽芯試樣送至檢驗機構查核，過程相對費時與損耗人力，且僅能於特定範圍內進行單點抽驗，難以確保路面整體壓實品質。對此，本研究將基於紅外線熱像儀具備非破壞性、大範圍檢測之優勢，期盼藉觀測鋪面溫度差異，實施壓實度查核作業，以提升預防性養護之執行效能。據前所述，本研究將採有限元素法探究鋪面熱學行為，首先將建構隨機空隙模型，仿真不同壓實程度之試體，藉數值方法量化材料微觀結構對熱學參數之影響，據以模擬材料升溫行為。此外，本研究採用準蒙地卡羅法（Quasi-Monte Carlo Method），建置溫度反應曲面（Response surface），其基於熱傳模型各項參數現行量測與評定方法，以誤差傳播原理定義參數隨機擾動特性。此分析策略將遵循機率理論，剖析瀝青混凝土材料熱學行為之偶然誤差特性，克服因熱學模型複雜性所導致誤差傳播分析的困難，並可闡釋各項因素影響溫度行為之貢獻程度。接續，將採用靈敏度分析，制定不同承擔風險下之溫度最小可偵測差異指標，以探討紅外線熱像儀對於壓實度差異的可偵測性。本研究所擬方法，經逐步加溫實驗數據論證模型可行性，數值模擬能有效描述空隙材料熱學行為；另外，熱學影響因素重要性排序，可作為未來熱分析優化之依據，能有效降低隨機擾動影響，以縮短溫度顯著差異判定時間；最後，不同信心水準下，判定顯著溫差落於2.4度至3.1度間。綜前述成果顯示，本研究將助益於以紅外線熱像儀執行壓實度查核任務之可行性評估，使未來可實踐非破壞性、大範圍之壓實度檢測，以維護整體路面品質。

Compaction is one of the most critical phases in asphalt pavements construction, as it directly affects the performance of pavements. However, quality assurance of compaction is traditionally based on destructive drilled cores results, representing only a part of the pavement. Based on the infrared thermography technique's advantages of non-destructive and large-scale detection. This paper intends to develop a method to determine the quality of asphalt pavement compaction by observing surface temperature. Finite-element (FE) models will be developed to analyze the thermal behavior of asphalt pavement. In addition, to discuss the heating process's uncertainty and analyze influencing factors. This study will determine the random error of thermal parameters based on the evaluation method and error propagation. Then, use the quasi-Monte Carlo method to construct the temperature response surface. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is performed to understand the detectability of porosity and thermal behavior of pavement. These results would contribute to applying the infrared thermography technique to ensure the quality of pavement compaction more efficiently and economically.