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| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 詹長權(Chang Chuan Chan) | |
| dc.contributor.author | Jien-Wen Chien | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 錢建文 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2022-11-24T03:06:16Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2022-01-26 | |
| dc.date.available | 2022-11-24T03:06:16Z | - |
| dc.date.copyright | 2022-01-26 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2021 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2022-01-06 | |
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| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/80418 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | "背景：都市綠地與身體健康和心理健康有許多相關性或實驗性的研究，然而大多數的研究都是在人口密度低且綠地多的地區做的；且台灣很少有研究探討城市綠地對於居民的健康效應。 研究目的：探討都市開放空間綠地和新北市都會區成年居民健康之間的關係。 方法：我們所研究的族群為新北市都會區三十歲以上居民共40,375人，在2007到2009參與了政府所舉辦的健康篩檢計畫。本研究定義的都市開放綠地空間(urban open green spaces, UOGS)為內政部國土繪測圖資之土地利用歸類為公園，綠地(排除263平方公尺以下)，國小以上學校(排除私立學校)，與運動場所(排除室內)。上述空間若小於一公頃，且至少含有以下三者：綠色植物、運動設施、以及座椅，歸類為小型公共都市開放空間(small public urban open spaces, SPUOS)。「綠」(greenness)的測量方法為利用衛星遙測資料所計算出來的標準化差異植生指標(normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI)。UOGS的可近性(accessibility)定義為研究參與者住家與UOGS的最近距離。UOGS的可利用性(availability)定義為研究參與者住家附近半徑五百公尺內的NDVI平均值。土地使用回歸模型(land use regression model)則用來評估空氣汙染的個人暴露。利用羅吉斯迴歸分析(Logistic regression)計算UOGS的可近性與可利用性對於各種疾病的勝算比的影響。NDVI與血壓值(包括收縮壓，舒張壓與平均血壓)的關係由多變量線性回歸分析來探討。細懸浮微粒(PM2.5)對於Greenness與血壓的負相關是否有中介作用則由中介分析(mediation analysis)與干擾分析(moderation analysis)來探討。 結果：研究族群的NDVI範圍為-0.22到0.26；個人PM2.5平均年暴露範圍為10.96到43.59微克每立方米(µg/m3)。體重過重，糖尿病，慢性腎病(chronic kidney disease, CKD) ，與高血壓的發生率依次為:49.5%, 7.0%, 9.6%,32.3%；若將高血壓分期，包括高血壓前期，第一期到第三期高血壓的發生率依次為:37.3%, 21.4%, 8.2%, 2.7%。我們發現CKD與SPUOS顯著相關，高血壓則與NDVI顯著相關；體重過重與糖尿病則與UOGS無相關。住家距離SPUOS兩百公尺以上與小於或等於兩百公尺比較，CKD的校正後勝算比(adjust odds ratio, OR)為1.144 (95%信賴區間:1.059-1.237)。若將公立學校加上SPUOS一起看，所得結果相近。CKD與NDVI無關。次族群分析發現此效應在以下健康的族群較為顯著:包括沒有吸菸，沒有高血壓，沒有糖尿病，和沒有高三酸甘油脂血症。在高血壓方面，NDVI第四個四分位(最綠)與第一個四分位比較，以及PM2.5每增加10µg/m3，發生高血壓的勝算比分別為0.744(95%信賴區間:0.698-0.793)與1.057(95%信賴區間:1.015-1.100)。在高血壓分期方面，NDVI第一個四分位(最不綠)與第四個四分位比較，發生高血壓前期以及第一到第三期高血壓的勝算比分別為1.145(95%信賴區間: 1.063- 1.233)，1.395(95%信賴區間:1.276-1.525)，1.528(95%信賴區間:1.353-1.724)，和1.852(95%信賴區間:1.531-2.241)。由線性回歸模式來看，NDVI每增加一個四分位距(0.03)，收縮壓，舒張壓與平均血壓分別降低0.75mmHg(95%信賴區間:-0.90,-0.61)，0.51mmHg(95%信賴區間: -0.60,-0.41)，和0.59mmHg(95%信賴區間:-0.69,-0.49)。中介分析發現NDVI與較低高血壓的相關性中，PM2.5並沒有中介效果，但是有干擾效果。由分層分析來看，NDVI與高血壓前期的負相關在下列族群較顯著:年輕者，女性，無吸菸，沒有糖尿病，沒有高膽固醇血症，沒有高三酸甘油脂血症，沒有慢性腎病，和沒有代謝症候群者。 結論：新北市都會區成年居民若居住在距離SPUOS和公立學校比較近，則發生CKD的機會較少；PM2.5與高血壓正相關，而NDVI則與高血壓前期與第一期到第三期高血壓的發生呈負相關。" | zh_TW |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2022-11-24T03:06:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 U0001-0401202211233200.pdf: 15551764 bytes, checksum: 85e80132b0506501e5483ac8ab21c3d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | "致謝 i 摘要 ii Abstract iv Contents vi List of figures ix List of tables x Abbreviation xi Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Definition of UOGS 1 1.2 Health effects of UOGS 1 1.3 Importance of CKD 2 1.4 Air pollution and CKD 2 1.5 UOGS and CKD 2 1.6 Importance of HTN 3 1.7 Air pollution and HTN 3 1.8 UOGS and HTN 4 1.9 Dual effects of air pollutants and greenness on BP 5 1.10 Study gap about UOGS 6 1.11 Aim of study 6 1.12 Study design 8 Chapter 2 Material and Methods 9 2.1 Study Region 9 2.2 Study Population 9 2.3 Outcome definition 10 2.3.1 Overweight 10 2.3.2 Diabetes 10 2.3.3 CKD 10 2.3.4 HTN 10 2.4 Exposure Assessment 11 2.4.1 Accessibility of UOGS: Proximity 11 2.4.2 Availability of UOGS: Greenness. 12 2.4.3 Air pollutants. 13 2.5 Statistics 13 2.5.1 UOGS and CKD 13 2.5.2 UOGS and HTN 14 Chapter 3 Results 16 3.1 The study area 16 3.1.1 Land use 16 3.1.2 Greenness 16 3.2 The study population 16 3.2.1 Characteristics 16 3.2.2 Exposures 17 3.3 UOGS and chronic diseases 17 3.4 UOGS and CKD 17 3.4.1 Characteristics of participants according to with or without CKD 17 3.4.2 Proximity to various UOGS 18 3.4.3 ORs of CKD according to proximity of various UOGS 18 3.4.4 Subgroups analysis 19 3.5 UOGS and HTN 19 3.5.1 Characteristics of participants according to quartiles of NDVI 19 3.5.2 Single-exposure, binomial logistic regression model 19 3.5.3 Two-exposure, multinomial logistic regression model 20 3.5.4 Linear regression model 20 3.5.5 Sensitivity and subgroup analyses. 21 3.5.6 Mediation and moderation analysis. 21 Chapter 4 Discussion 22 4.1 UOGS and diseases 22 4.1.1 Main findings 22 4.1.2 No association between UOGS and overweight/diabetes 22 4.1.3 Differences between proximity and greenness 23 4.2 UOGS and CKD 24 4.2.1 Principle findings 24 4.2.2 Importance of SPUOS 24 4.2.3 Importance of public schools 25 4.2.4 Two hundred meters as proximity to UOGS 25 4.2.5 Mechanism of beneficial effect of UOGS on CKD 25 4.2.6 Features, strengths and limitations 26 4.3 UOGS and HTN 27 4.3.1 Principal findings 27 4.3.2 Air pollutants and HTN 28 4.3.3 Greenness and HTN 29 4.3.4 Mediation and moderation analysis 31 4.3.5 Subgroup analyses 32 4.3.6 Mechanism of the effect of greenness on HTN 32 4.3.7 Features, strengths and limitations 33 4.4 Suggested further studies in the future 34 Chapter 5 Conclusion 36 Figures 37 Tables 47 References 68 Appendix 78 Appendix I. Land Use 78 Land use category 78 List of public and private primary and high schools 80 Selection of UOGS 84 Distribution of parks >5ha 88 Distribution of parks 1-5ha 89 Distribution of parks > 263m2 and <1ha (SPUOS) 90 Distribution of land use category belongs to parks and < 263m2 (N=62) 91 Distribution of schools (primary schools to universities) 92 Land use changing: past and present 93 Appendix II. Procedures to retrieve NDVI raster imagines 94 Appendix III. Land use vs. NDVI 99 Appendix IV. Geographic Information System (QGIS) 101 Method to calculate proximity 101 Method to calculate mean NDVI 101 Appendix V. Laws, Statistics and Surveys from Government 103 Law/Regulation 103 Population 106 Family income survey 108 Sport survey 109 Appendix VI. Mediation and moderation analysis 110 Appendix VII. Papers published or under review 111" | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.subject | 干擾效果 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 高血壓 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 高血壓前期 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 慢性腎病 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 糖尿病 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 體重過重 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 都市開放綠地空間 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 小型公共都市開放空間 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 細懸浮微粒 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 綠 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 標準化差異植生指標 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 中介效果 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | PM2.5 | en |
| dc.subject | moderation effect | en |
| dc.subject | mediation effect | en |
| dc.subject | NDVI | en |
| dc.subject | small public urban open space | en |
| dc.subject | greenness | en |
| dc.subject | hypertension | en |
| dc.subject | prehypertension | en |
| dc.subject | chronic kidney disease | en |
| dc.subject | diabetes | en |
| dc.subject | overweight | en |
| dc.subject | urban open green space | en |
| dc.title | 新北市都會區開放空間綠地與成年居民健康的關係 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | The Relationship between Urban Open Green Spaces and Health of Adults in Metropolitan Area of New Taipei City | en |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 110-1 | |
| dc.description.degree | 博士 | |
| dc.contributor.author-orcid | 0000-0001-8752-0241 | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 鄭尊仁(Hsin-Tsai Liu),吳章甫(Chih-Yang Tseng),張俊彥,林清淵 | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 高血壓,高血壓前期,慢性腎病,糖尿病,體重過重,都市開放綠地空間,小型公共都市開放空間,細懸浮微粒,綠,標準化差異植生指標,中介效果,干擾效果, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | hypertension,prehypertension,chronic kidney disease,diabetes,overweight,urban open green space,small public urban open space,PM2.5,greenness,NDVI,mediation effect,moderation effect, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 135 | |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU202200005 | |
| dc.rights.note | 同意授權(限校園內公開) | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2022-01-06 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 公共衛生學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 環境與職業健康科學研究所 | zh_TW |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 環境與職業健康科學研究所 | |
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