智慧建築產業在物聯網應用趨勢下之發展策略

Abstract

在科技快速發展的21世紀，人們對建築物的要求，也絕非只是一個可以遮風避雨的空間，更期盼一個具有自我思考、判斷的智慧建築，並能提供安全、舒適、便利又節能的居住環境。近年來資通訊技術（ICT）發展蓬勃，許多工具或設備都透過ICT讓功能更加強大，建築物也不例外，結合了ICT技術後大幅改善了人們的居住品質與對環境管理的掌握度。 隨著物聯網（IoT）應用概念逐漸廣泛，感測器、RFID標籤價格滑落，Wi-Fi覆蓋率大幅提升，及低功耗的Zig Bee趨於普及，建築物也被視為是物聯網的載體之一。這些智慧聯網產品（SCP）已使產品本質改變，亦瓦解原本的價值鏈，進而改變產業結構與競爭模式；企業因而必須面對新的競爭與威脅，重新塑造產業界線與生態。在這個新的生態系統中，產品只是資訊和數據的載體，而已非交易的終端，企業為了適應未來，其經營必須從製造能力轉而聚焦於軟體與分析能力。 台灣企業的生意型態大多是以OEM或ODM為主，長久以來的思維就是習慣尊從客人指示來生產的代工思維，以硬體製造代工技術見長。但在全球化趨勢與新興市場成本競爭壓力下，許多企業逐漸面臨營運獲利的衰退，而產生積極轉型的動機，期盼由純硬體設計製造思維，往系統整合、應用服務的高附加價值端移動，朝向OBM自有品牌為主的生意型態。 本研究先以分析智慧建築產業的市場動態及未來趨勢，深入了解建築產業供應鏈中各利害關係人所組成的生態圈，再藉由物聯網（IoT）、人工智慧（AI）及邊際運算（Edge Computing）等IT技術於建築樓宇自動化（BA）的應用探討，找尋BA新的產業機會。 經本研究發現，因科技的進步及客戶對整體解決方案的訴求，導致產業間的競爭是動態的，唯一不變的是企業的核心價值-文化資產。領導者對於企業創立之時的初發心是否能持續專一及堅持，則是企業轉型變革成功與否的關鍵。

In the 21st Century, with technologies fast developing, people expect to live comfortably in intelligent homes that are safe, convenient and environmental protection. Recently 'Information and Communication Technology (ICT)' advances proffer new multi-functioning tools dedicated to home livings and so have dramatically improved controls of the human abode. With the broadly application of Internet of Things (IoT), the cost down of sensor and RFID, the increase of Wi-Fi coverage, and the increasingly popular low power consumption Zig Bee, building is viewed as one of the carriers of IoT. These Smart Connected Product (SCP) has changed the nature of the products, and will lead to the collapse of the original value chain, and furthermore to change the industrial structure and the competition model. Enterprises facing new competitions and threats will have to reshape the industry boundaries. In this new ecosystem, product is the carrier of information and data, rather than the end of the transaction. In order to accommodate to the future, enterprises have to change from manufacturing ability to focusing more on software and analysis ability. Most of Taiwanese business models are OEM or ODM structured, where companies invite customer designs to manufacture to customize or personalize hardware. Emerging global market competition drops company profitability requiring many organization transformations to high value-added business models such as system integration and application service provider, a move to adopt OBM business models. This research analyzes the market and the future trend of intelligent building, and the ecosystem composed of stakeholders in the construction industry supply chain, and by means of the application of IoT, AI and Edge Computing on Building Automation (BA), to look for new opportunities of BA. This research finds that the advancement of technology and the customers’ demand of the total solution provider lead to a dynamic competition. The only thing remains unchanged is the core value of an enterprise – culture assets. Whether the leaders insist on and concentrate on why they started is the key to the success of enterprise transformation.