台灣擬白及蘭亞族的系統研究

Abstract

台灣擬白及蘭亞族，計有四屬28種1變種，共中罈花蘭屬3種苞舌蘭屬1種，鶴頂蘭屬7種，蝦脊蘭屬17種1變種，而高雄鶴頂蘭(Phajus kooshunensis)為新結合名。 本篇注重根、莖、葉、花、果實、種子等特徵之研究，而以形態學、解剖學及細胞學做為分類依據，討論本亞族種屬在分類上的地位、地理分佈、演化的趨勢及彼此的親緣關係。 根莖葉在解剖上本亞族非常一致，無顯著差異，形態上則不一，由莖及苞片、花藥性狀在鶴頂蘭屬可分成細莖鶴頂蘭節(Sect. Limatodis)及球莖鶴頂蘭節(Sect. Genuini)，在蝦脊蘭屬可分成真蝦脊蘭節(Sect. Eucalan the)及擬仙茅節(Sect. Styloglossum)。在細胞學上，本亞族形成n=20, 21, 22, 24等aneuploid的系列，在染色體數目上廣泛變異，不能充當種的依據。 本四屬研究結果，蝦脊蘭屬為尚在種化過程的一個屬，其擬仙茅飾最近於鶴頂蘭屬的細莖鶴頂蘭節，顯示這二屬在親緣上極其密切。苞舌蘭屬與罈花蘭屬則與此二屬關係較為疏遠。

A total of four genera, 28 species and one variety are considered in this study, of which, phajus Kooshunensis is reported from Taiwan as a new combination. This study concerns the characters of both the vegetative and reproductive parts, and especially the lips and column. Morphological, anatomical and Cytological comparisons are made in an attempt to provide a better understanding of the geographical distribution, evolutionary approach, and systematic position of the four genera and their relationships. Anatomical characters of the species studied showed no great differences, but their external features varied widely. Somatic chromosome numbers are reported, but their variations are not sufficient to constitute either a genus or species charabter, In this subtribe they form an aneuploid series. It is found that the section Limatodis of the genus phajus shows a great similiarity to the section Styloglossum of the genus Calanthe. Judging from the reduced chromosome numbers and other characters, the section Styloglossum may be considered as intermediate between Phajus and Calanthe and may be a taxon undergoing speciation.