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標題: | 玉山苔蘚植物生活型之研究 The Study on the Bryophtic Life-forms of Mt. Yushan |
作者: | Tzen-Yuh Chiang 蔣鎮宇 |
出版年 : | 1989 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 生活型?植物體對於環境複合體的所有適應,其表現在外者即是以不同的結構、形相分佈於不同的生育環境中。
作者針對玉山501種苔類及葉蘚類植物,根據其外部形相、附著狀態及分歧方式,計區分20群49種生活型。 生活型—如植物種,在環境梯度上有其最適界及耐性限度,依據其耐性限度範圍,利用列表比較結果,顯示三大分佈類型,即指標型、局限型及泛分佈型。 水生的苔蘚類其生活型與陸生者一致,然水流溶氧量對植物形成限制因數,種類單純,以水與植物體相關的位置,區分沖水型、固著沈水型、游離沈水型及浸水型四大型。 高山寒原的生活型譜極其單純,因應其極端環境,以小墊狀?最優勢生活型,其形相及組成優勢種屬與極地寒原酷似。 草原與斷崖?缺乏樹冠覆蓋地域,並一再受環境因數衝擊,其生活型譜亦極單純,以短草型及密伏蓆狀?最優勢,?對乾旱的適應。 不同的生活型出現於不同演替階段的植物社會,有擔任先趨角色者,一如小墊狀、短草型,亦有出現於成熟森林下層,一如針葉林型、棕櫚型,不同的生活型常?不同環境之指標。 Life-forms of plants are the all adaptations to the complex of environmental factors, with various structures and phsiognomy distributed in different habitats. In this report 501 species of mosses and liverworts collected in Mt. Yushan were studied. 20 groups and 49 types of life-forms are distinguished by the criteria of physiogmony, the condition of attachment and the ramification of the individuals. By tabular comparison 3 distributional types are distinguished, e.g. the indicatory type, the confined distributional type and the widely distributional type. The life-forms of aquatic bryophytes are the same with the terrestrial ones. On the correlation of water and the plants, four types are discussed, including running-water type, submerged-fixed type, submerged-free type and the flooded type. The bryophytic life-form spectrum of alpine tundra, owing to the extreme environments, is very simple, with the life-form small cushion widely distributed in the eroded areas. The physiognomy and the dominant genera of alpine bryophtes are similar to those of the arctic tundra. With the environmental impacts, the grassland and the cliffs are areas lacking of the cover of canopies. The bryophytic life-forms of the two habitats, especially the dominant types of the short turfs and the appressed mats, are all allied to the dry environments. Different life-forms act the various roles in the successions of plant communities, such as the small cushion and short turfs as the pioneers and the coniferous and palm-like forms in the mature forests. The bryophytic life-forms are the indicators of different environments. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/75687 |
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顯示於系所單位: | 植物科學研究所 |
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