培養基中蔗糖濃度對菸草及油菜花粉植株形成的影響

Abstract

以含3％、6％及9％蔗糖濃度的培養基培養菸草栽培 品種Wisconsin 38 (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Wisconsin 38 2n=48)的花藥，及含3％、6％、9％及12％蔗糖濃度培養基培養油菜栽培品種Tower (Brassica napus L. cv. Tower 2n=38)的花藥，以試驗培養基中蔗糖濃度對花粉植株形成的影響。在菸草中發現，當蔗糖濃度提高時：(1)各時期花粉發育成植株的速度普遍延遲。(2)較早期花藥（含早期單核至第一次有絲分裂的花粉）的反應百分率升高，但較晚期花藥（含雙核花粉）的反應百分率降低。(3)花藥內之植株數顯著減少。(4)癒合組織、畸形及白化苗的頻率增多。在油菜中發現，(l)當蔗糖濃度增高，由花絲產生癒合組織的頻率顯著下降，但培養基中蔗糖濃度高達12％時，仍有約20％的花藥產生花絲癒合組織。(2)有三個花藥在蔗糖濃度高於9％的培養基上產生了擬胚，其中兩個來自含晚期單核花粉的花藥，一個來自含第一次有絲分裂花粉的花藥；擬胚移至低蔗糖濃度的分化培養基，才能繼續發育。

Anthers of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Wiscenuin 38 (2n=48) and Brassica napus L. cv. Tower (2n=38) were excised at Various developmental stages anc cultures on media containing various concentrations of sucrose. Within the range tested (3-9%), each increase in the level of sucrose in the tabacco anther culture medium caused: (1) an apparent delay in the time of plantlet emergence from the cultured anthers, (2) an increase in the frequency of responsive anthers when cultured at early uninucleate-first mitosis microspore stages and a decrease in the frequency of responsive anthers when cultured at the binucleate microspore stages, (3) a reduction in the number cf plantlets per responsive anthers, and (4) the development of more callus, albino or abnormal plantlets from the microspores, Higher sucrose concentrations (9-12﹪) appeared to be essential for successful anther culture of Brassica napus, because they had promotive effects on embryoid formation from the microspores and inhibited callus formation from somatic tissues of the anther.