再生能源政策對臺南市農地價格的影響 －－種太陽能板如果種出好地價

Abstract

隨著時代的轉變，政府推行各項農業政策以確保農業生產、生活及生態的功能，保障我國糧食不虞匱乏以及增加農民收益，但政策的實施可能造成農地價格之變動。過去影響農地價格的研究集中在休耕政策、農舍興建、人口密度、預期轉用等等，缺乏農業設施容許使用可附屬綠能設施方面的研究。而低碳化潮流興起，因應再生能源政策，我國行政院農業委員會乃於2013年修正發布申請農業用地作農業設施容許使用審查辦法，光電業者因日照條件良好及適宜發展太陽能等條件，乃大量出現於臺灣中南部地區之農地上，假農民真種電之情事不斷發生，該辦法實施後帶來之正面效益為太陽能發電量的增加，負面效益則是造成農地的利用減少，也間接造成部分農地價格的上升，影響農地農用。本研究分析臺南市農地交易價格，呈現農地價格與農地空間上搭設之太陽能板設施樣本點分布圖，使用空間特徵價格法，以反映農地價格在空間之相關性。 本研究為再生能源政策對臺南市農地價格的影響，因此，先將臺南市原33個行政區19,966筆交易之農地價格資料，依據農地平均價格的高低及其地理位置區分為五大分區，使用空間特徵迴歸模型評估太陽能板裝置於農地上，對周邊農地價格的影響，同時，亦評估農地上裝設的太陽能板容量之高低，是對周邊農地價格之影響。實證結果顯示，五大分區的結果各不相同，距離裝設太陽能板越近的農地，農地價格顯著增加的主要為偏北分區、沿海分區與近山分區；而距離裝設太陽能板越近的農地價格顯著減少的為中心分區。而在交易農地方圓2公里內綠能設施容量越大，農地價格顯著增加的為原臺南市周邊分區；然容量越大，農地價格顯著減少的為中心分區、偏北分區與沿海分區。綜合考量距離遠近及周邊太陽能板裝設容量大小可知，農地上有太陽能板設施，使得原臺南市周邊、偏北、沿海與近山等四個分區的農地價格有上漲的效果，但農地價格若持續高漲，如此可能影響農業長期的發展。

The government in Taiwan promotes various agricultural policies to ensure the functions of agricultural production, life, and ecology. At the same time to ensure food security and to increase farmers’ income. However, all types of policies may result in the change of farmland price. Past studies focus on the evaluation of fallow policies, farm building construction, population density, and expected diversion It is lack of impact analysis of agricultural facilities, i.e. accessible green energy facilities, on the farmland price. In response to the low carbonization trend and the development of renewable energy, the Council of Agriculture of the Executive Yuan in Taiwan revised and issued the application for review of farmland for agricultural facilities in 2013. In the south-central part of Taiwan with good sunshine conditions, the photovoltaic industry has appearly developed solar energy in these areas. Such policy induces farmers renting their lands to photovoltaic industry for solar energy generation. The benefit brought by the implementation of solare energy will increase the amount of green energy generation. The loss is the reduction of the useable farmland amount and then indirectly increase the price of farmland. This study employs a spatial regression model to evaluate the distance impact of farmland price with surrounding solar panel installations. At the same time, this study also evaluates the impact of farmland price surrounded by capacity of solar panels installation. A set of data with 19,966 pieces of farmland prices in Tainan City is conducted for these purposes. Five major divisions according to the average price of the farmland and its geographical location are divided from the original 33 administrative districts. The results show that in the north, coastal, and the near-mountain division the closer the solar panel installations are the more significant increase in the price of farmland is. On the countrary, in the central division the closer the solar panel installations are, the lower the farmland price is. However, the trading farmlands surrounded by a larger capacity of the green energy facilities within 2 km, the price of farmland increases significantly in the original surrounding Tainan division. For other divisions, the larger capacity of green energy facilities within 2 km, the price of farmland reduce siginificantly. It is also known from the empirical results that the larger capacity of solar panel facilities installation and the closer to the farmland is the prices of the farmland in the original surrounding Tainan, the north, the coastal, and the near-mountain division will increase significantly. However, the continuous increase of farmland price could damage the long-term agricultural development in Taiwan.