節能水車之研發

Abstract

養殖用增氧機是養殖魚池中必要的設備，目前最常見的增氧機是葉輪式增氧機，其轉速固定，無法視魚池內之溶氧狀況調整增氧機之增氧效果及用電，本研究以葉輪式增氧機為基準，擬研發可以隨時調整水車用電功率和增氧效果的機構，能因應魚池溶氧的變動自動調整水車轉速，且能調整電能配置在增氧和造成水流上的比例，達到節能增氧且能創造最適水流分布的目的。本研究測試水車轉速和用電量的關係，發現轉速降低一半約可節省用電量75%。本研究在4分地的蝦池測試水車數量和水流分布的關係，以Flow 3D軟體模擬池塘的水流，並實地測試水流情況，發現使用8至14台水車時會使池塘外圍的水流過快，影響池塘操作。本研究設計三種不同的機構，比較三種方式的效果，包括：(1) 設計水車副輪與葉輪轉軸之升降機構，以變頻器調整水車轉速，在高轉速(60 Hz)時提高葉片，減少水車葉片之入水深度，低轉速(25 Hz)時降低葉片，增加入水深度，測試其用電量，(2) 改良前述設計，以浮性導流板與轉臂機構調整葉片入水深度，測試其用電量和增氧效率(SAE)，(3) 設計水流導板，減少產生水花的阻力，以增加增氧效率。試驗結果顯示，安裝水車葉片副輪結合葉輪升降機構可以在高速運轉時提高葉片，達成設計目標，但是耗電太大而不實用；導流板與轉臂機構可改善前述問題，亦可以在高速運轉時節省用電，但是沒有提昇增氧效率；水流導板可以達到省電效果，但同樣沒有提升增氧效率。本研究再檢討水車葉片外形，設計新型葉片，以3D曲面外形減少入水阻力並調整擴大水花分布的空間，以3D列印製作葉片後測試效果，發現可以使水車運轉時所產生的水花範圍增加，可提昇增氧效率約20%並降低水流速度約33%。新型葉片在低速時仍可以造成池塘水流，在高速時可增加增氧效率而不會使水流過快，可以取代傳統葉片而提高增氧效率，若能配合智慧型增氧控制器，可成為智慧型節能增氧水車，估計可節省約47%之用電量。

The aerator for breeding is the necessary equipment in the cultured fish pond. At present, the most common aerator is the impeller-type aerator. The rotation speed is fixed, and the oxygen-enhancing effect of the aerator and the electricity consumption cannot be adjusted depending on the dissolved oxygen condition in the fish pond. Based on the impeller-type aerator, this study plans to develop a mechanism that can adjust the electric power and oxygenation effect of the waterwheel at any time. It can automatically adjust the speed of the water tank according to the change of dissolved oxygen in the fish pond, and can adjust the electric energy configuration to increase oxygen and cause The proportion of the water flow achieves the purpose of energy saving and oxygenation and can create an optimum water flow distribution. This study tested the relationship between waterwheel speed and power consumption, and found that reducing the speed by half can save about 75% of electricity consumption. In this study, the relationship between the number of waterwheels and the distribution of water flow was tested in a shrimp pond with 4 points. The Flow 3D software was used to simulate the water flow of the pond, and the water flow was tested in the field. It was found that when 8 to 14 waterwheels were used, the water outside the pond would flow too fast. Affect pond operations. This study designed three different mechanisms to compare the effects of the three methods, including: (1) designing the lifting mechanism of the waterwheel secondary wheel and the impeller shaft, adjusting the speed of the waterwheel with the frequency converter, increasing the blade at high speed (60 Hz), reducing the waterwheel The depth of the blade is reduced, the blade is lowered at low speed (25 Hz), the depth of water is increased, and the power consumption is tested. (2) The above design is improved, and the depth of the blade is adjusted by the floating deflector and the arm mechanism. Electricity and aeration efficiency (SAE), (3) Design water flow guides to reduce the resistance to water blooms to increase oxygen efficiency. The test results show that the installation of the waterwheel blade auxiliary wheel and the impeller lifting mechanism can improve the blade during high-speed operation and achieve the design goal, but the power consumption is too large and practical; the deflector and the arm mechanism can improve the above problems, and can also be at high speed. It saves electricity during operation, but does not improve the efficiency of oxygenation; the water flow guide can achieve power saving effect, but it also does not improve the oxygenation efficiency. In this study, the shape of the waterwheel blade was reviewed, and the new blade was designed. The 3D curved shape was used to reduce the water resistance and adjust the space for expanding the water distribution. The post-blade test effect was produced by 3D printing, and it was found that the range of water splash generated when the waterwheel was running increased. It can increase the oxygenation efficiency by about 20% and reduce the water flow rate by about 33%. The new type of blade can still cause water flow in the pond at low speed. When high speed, it can increase the efficiency of oxygen increase without making the water flow too fast. It can replace the traditional blade and improve the oxygenation efficiency. If it can cooperate with the intelligent oxygenation controller, it can become wisdom. The type of energy-saving aerobic water tank is estimated to save about 47% of electricity consumption.