標準必要專利爭議探討 ─以FRAND授權承諾下之合理權利金為中心

Abstract

近年隨著行動通訊技術、物聯網等科技領域的進步與興起，標準必要專利越發受到重視，甚至展開一連串的標準必要專利戰爭。近年接連在全球各地引發競爭法主管機關裁罰以及標準必要專利訴訟的高通即是標準必要專利大戰的烽火之一。 我國在標準必要專利的案件量並不多，眾所矚目的飛利浦橘皮書標準規格案也只是事實上標準必要專利，與FRAND授權承諾下之標準必要專利有其相當程度的不同，未來我國實務出現更多FRAND授權承諾下之標準必要專利案件時，飛利浦橘皮書標準規格案的實務見解能否適用亦是本文討論的問題之一。 未來我國再出現FRAND授權承諾下之標準必要專利訴訟時，應如何解決實為一值得探討的爭議，本文認為專利授權中最重要的一環即為專利授權權利金，故討論的重點聚焦於授權權利金的計算。本文主要參考英美兩國以及部分歐盟、日本、中國的相關文獻與實務見解當作處理爭議的借鏡。首先討論了標準規格化的正面效應與可能產生的風險，再討論了FRAND授權承諾的內容解釋、性質與落實方面可能會碰到的問題。接著本文進入重點部分，即標準權利金授權權利金計算，分別討論的計算基礎決定以及授權權利金費率計算兩大重點。在計算基礎方面，本文認為應引進最小可銷售單位元件(SSPPU)以及整體市場價值法則(EMVR)兩大概念，並且認為在判斷計算基礎時，應以SSPPU為原則，EMVR為例外。在權利金費率計算方面也討論了不同的情況下分別適合適用哪些計算方法。最後，本文也回顧了國內案件，並提出實務見解值得參考及如何修正的觀察內容與建議。

In recent years, with the rise and progress of telecommunication standards and Internet of Things, Standard Essential Patent has drawn more attention, even created a lot of issues. There are not many cases about the standard-essential patent in Taiwan, the well-known ‘’Philips Case’’ is simply a case about ‘’ de facto standard’’, not a standard set by standard-setting organizations. Whether the courts’ opinion, in this case, can be used in other cases about the FRAND commitments is one of the issues in this thesis. This thesis figured out that the most important part of a patent license is patent royalty, so this thesis focuses on reasonable royalty under the FRAND License. This thesis looks into the legal system and the cases of the countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, and China, regarding the reasonable royalty under the FRAND License issues. This thesis also reviews the articles which discuss the reasonable royalty under the FRAND License issues. First, this thesis discusses the positive and negative influences caused by the standard. Second, this thesis discusses the content of FRAND commitments. Methodologies for calculating the reasonable royalty also is a part of this thesis. When we need to find the appropriate royalty base, we should base on the principle of using the SSPPU, make an exception of using EMVR. This thesis also discusses how to decide the method of calculating the reasonable royalty rate according to different situations. Finally, this thesis review the litigations and articles in Taiwan and offer some advice to better the opinion about FRAND License.