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Title: | 抑制鋁離子電池負極枝晶生成之研究 Preventing Dendrite Formation for Aluminum Ion Battery |
Authors: | Hao-Wen Liu 劉浩汶 |
Advisor: | 吳乃立(Nae-Lih Wu) |
Keyword: | 鋁離子電池,石墨,離子液體,高分子介面膜,工作電壓,鋁枝晶, Aluminum-ion batteries,graphite,ionic liquid,Artificial SEI,operating voltage,dendrites, |
Publication Year : | 2019 |
Degree: | 碩士 |
Abstract: | 隨著電動車及儲能技術地擴展,電池產業一直在追求技術上的突破,以達到電容量高、能量密度大、安全性佳、以及便宜及壽命長且能夠快速充放電的需求,目前電池市場由鋰電池所主宰,但鋰電池的爆炸事件在近幾年來不斷的浮出水面使得安全性有待感善,也因為其廣泛被使用,隨著需求量的大增,鋰金屬的供應成了鋰電池的一大隱憂。反之,鋁是地殼中蘊藏量極為豐富的金屬,約佔地殼8%,且其具有價格便宜和安全等特性。在鋁電池的低成本、低可燃性和高理論電容量、工作溫度區間大和快速充放電的特性是儲能市場中具有極大發展潛能的研究。2015 年,美國史丹佛大學戴宏傑教授與台灣工研院首次合作,研究發表在Nature 期刊,此研究以超高電流密度下進行鋁電池的快速充電,且循環壽命可達7500 圈,解決了鋁電池過去30 年,缺乏合適的電解液與陰極材料的阻礙,開啟了鋁電池研究的新的里程。工研院綠能所,在放大製程的過程中,發現了疑似鋁枝晶的生成,影響鋁電池壽命,但此問題並無被詳細研究,也無相關技術改善,因此本研究主要著重探討於鋁枝晶的產生所造成安全性的隱憂。研究構想主要以AlCl3/[EMIm]Cl系統為基礎,設計一個可充放電的玻璃電池,利用原位光學顯微鏡觀測的方法,在充放電的過程中,觀測鋁枝晶成核生長的形貌變化觀測。並利用簡單且方便的高分子塗層(polymer-coating)或高分子/陶瓷材料的複合塗層(polymer/Ceramic-coating)的方式,挑選具有不同官能基的高分子,及不同陶瓷材料在電極和材料表面上建造一層人工固態電解質界面(Artificial SEI),這層界面的功用主要是用來均勻電場,但仍具有讓鋁離子(Al2Cl7-)通過的特性,使得鋁沉積呈二維方向分佈,以此方法達到抑制枝晶的效果,進一步延伸探討高分子官能基及帶電性高分子對鋁電池電性影響,使鋁離子電池之電極材料能有良好的安全性及電化學表現。本研究是目前鋁電池領域,第一位成功利用原位光學顯微鏡觀測,發現了鋁離子電池的枝晶生成條件,以及研發出一套利用高分子/陶瓷材料的複合塗層(polymer/Ceramic-coating)的技術去抑制鋁電池的枝晶生成,同時提高鋁電池的循環壽命。 In recent years, rechargeable batteries are one of the most attractive options for both grid electrical energy storage and electrical vehicle (EV) applications due to the steadily increasing demands. Lithium-ion batteries have dominated the consumer electronics market over the past two decades and the EV applications, but the supply of lithium metal to these growing industries becomes a major concern as the lithium source is limited. On the other hand, aluminum is the most abundant as well as cheap metal in the earth’s crust. Rechargeable aluminum-ion batteries (AIBs) is a promising research for future energy storage technologies due to its impressive advantages such as high anode capacity (gravimetric capacity of 2980 mAh g−1, and volumetric capacity of 8040 mAh cm−3), cost effectiveness, and safety. A recent report from Lin et al. in cooperation with ITRI opened a new research direction by employing an AlCl3/[EMIm]Cl ionic liquid electrolyte and graphitic cathode. This pioneering work has stimulated the re earch enthusiasm in aluminum-ion batteries (AIBs). At present, there are multiple challenges that need to be overcome by AIBs applications. For example, decomposition of the cathode material, the small charge/discharge voltage window of the battery, the small energy/power densities, (compared with commercially available lithium batteries), the high electrolyte cost and the formation of aluminum dendrites and safety. Here, we focused on studying AlCl3/[EMIm]Cl electreolyte system. We aim to observe aluminum dendrite formation that causing short-circuit by in-situ optical microscopy. In this study, we will investigate the reason behind the dendrite formation and resolve the problem using a new strategy of polymer-coating (called Artificial SEI) having different functional groups on the aluminum metal anode to suppress dendrites. This Artificial SEI not only suppress the aluminum dendrite formation but also help to attain uniform electric field distribution while allowing smooth passage of aluminum ions (Al2Cl7 to intercalate with graphite. The successful inhibition of dendrite formation through this method has opened another path to study further and explore the effects of different functional groups and charged polymers on aluminum ion batteries. This research is the first of its kind in the field of aluminum ion batteries. The first successful use of in-situ optical microscopy to study the dendrite formation mechanism has revealed the conditions that lead to dendrite formation in aluminum-ion batteries and the development of a new composite coating using polymer/ceramic materials (polymer/Ceramic- The technique of coating) that suppress the dendrite formation of aluminum ion battery as well as improving the cycle life of the aluminum battery. We hope this strategy will help to expand the overall operating voltage of the aluminum ion batteries and find other innovative pathways to resolve aluminum ion battery related issues in the future. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/74052 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU201903414 |
Fulltext Rights: | 有償授權 |
Appears in Collections: | 化學工程學系 |
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