成為沙巴「原住民」——馬來西亞Sino的生成

Abstract

根據《1963年馬來西亞協定》，沙巴州和砂拉越州在原住民事務上擁有自主權。沙巴的Sino以「半唐番」的名稱保持了東南亞華人和婆羅洲南島的文化雙重性，是馬來西亞人群分類框架下的異類。擁有雙重性和原住民權益的特殊身份，讓Sino在不同時代背景引起了迥然不同的社群反應。面對政府的打壓，Sino在2011年發起了文化再造運動，透過文化協會建構跨地域性的「族群」，積極爭取社會認同。Sino所打開的社會空間，與沙巴原住民的多重且流動的文化認同模式相關，也和邊緣理論鑲嵌。作為首個Sino的人類學碩士論文，本研究志從華人性和原住民性的邊緣性探討身份認同。以下是研究者關心的面向：當地原住民概念的生成，Sino族類和族群的生成，Sino與居住地的連結，以及相關人群的名制與墓葬形式。

The States of Sabah and Sarawak have their own autonomy in native affairs according to “The Malaysia Agreement 1963”. Sino group from Sabah has maintained its cultural duality between the Southeast Asian Chinese and the Borneo Austronesian under the title of “bàn tăng fān” (半唐番, literally means “half-Chinese and half-native”) and is an atypical social category under Malaysian demographic framework. Its special status of duality and indigenous rights has caused various communal reactions under different social contexts. Facing the suppression of government, Sino launched their cultural revitalization movement in 2011, building cross-regional “ethnic group” identity through cultural association, actively seeking for social recognition. The social space, which emancipated by Sino, are closely related to the multiple and fluid cultural identity model of Sabah natives, and to the theory of marginality. As the first master thesis of Sino study, this research aims to investigate the topic of identity from the margin of Chinese-ness and indigenousness. The following aspects are the concerns of the author: emergence of local indigenousness, emergence of Sino as ethnic category and ethnic group, connection between Sino and their residence places, as well as naming system and burial custom of relevant groups.