台灣食品安全法制行政調查之研究－以液蛋案、毒豆芽案、台北市食品安全微笑標章為例

Abstract

行政調查已有許多前人之研究，一般來說，行政調查之意義，並未有穩定一致之見解，而本文所關注之重點為食品安全之行政調查，將食品安全法規之行政調查方法歸納整理，依循過往學術成果，提出四種類型的調查方式，包含規劃性調查、協力義務型調查、一般認知的調查以及監督管理型調查四大類型，期望透過此歸納整理，能更容易理解食品安全行政調查之具體樣態。 另外，本文實際訪談了衛生稽查員及食品業者，於液蛋案中，可以發現文化因素及價格因素影響了食品安全衛生標準的訂立，同時影響了稽查標準；於毒豆芽案中，可以看到違法使用添加物有不同的處罰標準，然而處罰之輕重，關鍵在於影響層面之大小；食品稽查實務中，有許多問題，包括衛生局之人力、威信力不足等，政府是如何處理的？於台北市食品安全微笑標章政策中，可以看到夜市攤販之想法及難處，雖然各地方政府越發重視夜市食安，然而夜市稽查有其侷限性，如何有效落實，是值得深思的問題。期望藉由上述三個案例，了解食品安全行政調查之不同面向，以及實務食品衛生稽查之運作，並能從中有所收穫。

There have been many previous studies on administrative investigation. Generally speaking, there is no stable and consistent view on the significance of administrative investigation. The focus on this article is administrative investigation of food safety, which summarizes the administrative investigation methods of food safety laws and regulations. This article proposed four types of investigation methods which are based on past academic achievements, including planned investigation, assisting obligation investigation, general perception administrative investigation, and supervisory management investigation. It hopes that through this summary, it will be easier to understand the specific aspects of food safety administrative investigation. In addition, this article actually interviewed health inspectors and food industry operators. In the liquid egg scandal case, it can be found that cultural factors and price factors have affected the establishment of food safety and health standards, and at the same time affected the investigation; in the contaminated sprout scandal case, it can be found out that there are different penalties for illegal use of food additives, but the severity of the penalties depends on the level of impact. In the practice of food investigation, there are many problems, including the lack of manpower and credibility of the Health Bureau. How does the government deal with it? In the Taipei City Food Safety Smile Mark policy, you can see the ideas and difficulties of night market vendors. Although local governments pay more attention to night market food safety, night market investigation have their limitations. How to effectively to implement them is a question worth pondering. It hopes that through the above three cases, we can understand the different aspects of food safety administrative investigation and the operation of practical food administrative inspection, and can learn from them.