對精神疾病違法者之懲罰嚴厲性與動機－生理性資訊、先/後天資訊與個體差異

Abstract

有鑑於精神疾病違法者的爭議性，本研究欲探討：一、生理性資訊、先/後天資訊在對精神疾病違法者的懲罰嚴厲性的影響。二、對精神疾病違法者的懲罰動機較接近應報或隔離，以及在各實驗條件下是否有所不同。三、在不同實驗條件下，懲罰傾向以及對精神疾患違法者的態度對於懲罰嚴厲性的影響，以及影響的機制。研究中呈現一起重傷害案件，並操弄被告精神疾病鑑定中的生理性資訊、先/後天資訊。參與者會回答對違法者知覺，另外必須在呈現懲罰動機引導前後各評估一次欲給予被告的懲罰嚴厲性。個體差異的測量包括懲罰傾向量表與精神障礙辯護態度量表（IDA-R）。結果顯示，在控制個體差異後，生理性資訊只在沒有提供先/後天資訊時會有顯著減輕懲罰嚴厲性，另外生理性資訊在懲罰傾向與IDA-SL對懲罰嚴厲性有調節效果。最後，透過混合設計四因子變異數分析發現，無論在哪個實驗條件，參與者的懲罰動機較接近應報，會激發應報動機的對違法者知覺也會中介個體差異對懲罰嚴厲性的影響。 文末討論了這個研究在司法實務的意義。

In light of the controversy surrounding mentally ill offenders, this study aimed to explore the following questions: 1. The influence of biological and nature/nurture information on punishment severity for mentally ill offenders. 2.The motivation of punishment for mentally ill offenders, and whether it differs depending on the information provided. 3. Under different experimental conditions, the influence of punitiveness and attitude toward mentally ill offenders on punishment severity and the mechanism involved. In this study, a case of aggravated assault was presented, and the researcher manipulated the biological and nature/nurture information presented in a psychiatric evaluation. Participants rated perception of the offender, and the severity of punishment before and after a direction of motivation. Measurement of individual differences included a punitiveness scale and Insanity Defense Attitude (IDA-R) scale. The results showed that controlling for individual differences, biological information only mitigated punishment severity when no nature/nurture information was provided. In addition, biological information had a moderating effect on the relation between punitiveness and punishment severity, and also on the relation between IDA-SL and punishment severity. Finally, Using a 4 way mixed design ANOVA, the researcher found that regardless of experimental condition, participants’ motivation for punishment were more likely to be geared towards retribution, and the perceptions which would activate motivation of retribution mediated the relations between individual differences and punishment severity. The implications for forensic practice were discussed.