團隊醫療的監督過失問題─以日本法之研究為中心

Abstract

隨著醫療科技的進步，醫療團隊的分工逐漸走向專業化，由多數醫療人員組成醫療團隊成為常見的工作方式。而這種醫療團隊所引發的醫療事故之原因，除了個別醫療人員的專業知識不足外，也可能夾雜著團隊上位者的監督不當或者管理制度的漏洞。 因此，若欲將責任分配合理化，於醫療分工領域中，在追究基層醫療人員的刑事責任外，也要討論醫療團隊監督管理者的責任。本文從日本的監督過失理論之背景、定義以及要件談起，考察該理論於醫療分工領域之應用，尤其是著重於監督者與被監督者是否適用信賴原則、監督者與被監督者構成過失共同正犯或者是過失的同時犯等問題，並藉由觀察日本以及我國之實務見解，比較兩國司法實務在解釋適用「監督過失」時所考量的因素。

Along with the advancement of medical technology, the division of labor amoung health care professionals become highly specialized. Also, interdisciplinary teamwork is now common in the healthcare system. In this setting, medical malpractice in medical teamwork can rise from not only the individual lack of professional knowledge, but also the negligent supervision or the loophole in management system. Thus, in order to distribute criminal responsibility fairly, one has to discuss the criminal responsibility of not merely the supervised medical providers who are accountable for the medical malpractice, but also the supervisor of the team. The main purpose of this thesis is to discuss The Theory of Negligent Supervision in japan. This thesis will first introduce the history, the definition and the elements of this theory. Then, we will observe how it applies to the medical field. Furthermore, we will discuss whether The Principle of Reliance can be applied to the supervisor in this situation, and whether the relationship between the convicted supervised medical provider and team supervisor belongs to negligent co-perpetration or principal offender. Lastly, by observing the court judgments in Japan and Taiwan, we will compare the factors considered by the judicial practice of the two countries in explaining negligent supervision .